The UV-Protective Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis (Park.) Fosberg) Leaves: In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Keywords:
Sukun leaf (Artocarpus altilis (Park) Fosberg), flavonoid, the activity of UV protection, SPF, erythema scoresAbstract
Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) leaves contain bioactive flavonoids with significant photoprotective potential. This study aimed to evaluate the UV-protective activity of the ethanolic extract of Sukun leaves using in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro assay was performed with UV–Visible spectrophotometry, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was calculated using the modified Mansur equation. The in vivo study used a post-test only control group design with 24 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: ethanolic extract concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50%, a positive control (sunscreen containing benzophenone-3 and octyl methoxycinnamate), and a negative control (distilled water). Erythema scores were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 18. The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract at concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% exhibited SPF values of 34.00, 35.76, and 36.54, respectively—classified as ultra-protection levels comparable to the synthetic sunscreen control (SPF 33). In vivo, erythema scores of 2, 0, and 0, respectively, indicated strong photoprotective activity similar to the positive control. These findings suggest that Artocarpus altilis Leaves extract has promising potential as a natural UV-protective ingredient in sunscreen formulations.
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