Determinants of Treatment Outcomes In TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients In Resource-Limited Settings
Keywords:
TB/HIV co-infection, treatment outcomes, adherence, nursing careAbstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection remain important public health problems, particularly in resource-limited settings. HIV-related immunosuppression increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections, especially tuberculosis, which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV. In Bulungan District, North Kalimantan, TB/HIV co-infection cases continue to be identified, indicating ongoing challenges in treatment continuity and integrated healthcare services. This study used a retrospective descriptive design using secondary data obtained from medical records and HIV-TB program documentation in Bulungan District from 2022–2025. A total sampling technique was applied, involving 39 patients with TB/HIV co-infection. Variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, TB treatment outcomes, and HIV treatment status. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Result of this study was Most patients were male (64.1%) and belonged to productive age groups, particularly 25–34 years and 35–44 years. TB treatment outcomes showed that 20.5% of patients completed treatment, 25.6% died during treatment, and 10.3% experienced drop out or loss during follow-up. Meanwhile, 43.6% of patients were still undergoing treatment or had unknown final outcomes at the time of data collection. Most patients (84.6%) had received antiretroviral therapy (ARV), while several patients died before ARV initiation and one patient was categorized as lost to follow-up. Conclusion on this study was TB/HIV treatment outcomes in Bulungan District remain varied and indicate ongoing challenges related to continuity of care, treatment adherence, and patient follow-up. Strengthening integrated TB/HIV services, improving adherence support, and expanding nurse-led and community-based interventions are important to improve treatment outcomes in resource-limited settings.
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References
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