Proceedings of Conference on Health Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Literature Review: BMI is Associated with Preeclampsia in Pregnancy

Ana Lestari Ningsih — 2025-12-31

Preeclampsia is the second leading cause of death in pregnancy. Overweight and obesity are risk factors for preeclampsia.This literature review aims to determine the relationship between BMI and the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women to prevent maternal mortality.This literature review used a literature review method. A systematic search of relevant articles in Google Scholar, published between 2020 and 2025, was conducted. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Key data were searched using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique.Based on the analysis of articles, it was found that there is a relationship between BMI and preeclampsia. On average, pregnant women who experience preeclampsia have a high body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg/m2. A high BMI causes the body to work twice as hard, and excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk of preeclampsia.

Waste to Light: Innovation of Aromatherapy Candles from Used Cooking Oil

Ninik Santika — 2025-12-31

This community service project titled “Waste to Light: Innovation of Aromatherapy Candles from Used Cooking Oil” focused on empowering members of the PKK women's group in Gedong Village to address improper disposal of household waste oil, which is a primary cause of local environmental pollution and health risk. The participants underwent a one-day training based on the Participatory Learning and Community Empowerment (PLCE) model, combining environmental education, materials provision, and hands-on practical skills. Aromatherapy candles were chosen for their dual health benefits and market potential, offering a creative and eco-friendly solution distinct from other waste oil preparations. Field analysis revealed that up to 70% of local pollution was attributed to improper disposal, underscoring the relevance of this initiative. As a result of the training, participants showed a significant increase in understanding about the environmental hazards of used cooking oil and demonstrated new technical skills in producing quality aromatherapy candles using safe household methods. Group reflection and discussion indicated strong attitudinal change, with participants motivated to continue candle production independently and aware that household waste could become valuable resources. All participants produced candles exhibiting uniform color, stable burning, and appealing aroma. The project successfully fostered environmental literacy, creativity, and micro-entrepreneurial interest, highlighting community-based empowerment and behavioral change. Future programs should expand collaborations and target sustainability through youth and local industry involvement

Optimizing the Prenatal Yoga Community for Lower Back Pain Relief

Riza Amalia — 2025-12-31

Improper posture during pregnancy forces additional stretching and fatigue on the body, especially the spine, leading to back pain. This pain can interfere with a mother's activities. Prenatal yoga is a self-help method that can reduce discomfort during pregnancy. Prenatal yoga combines complex activities involving stretching, movement, meditation, breathing, endurance, balance, and appreciation. This activity aims to help pregnant women understand and independently practice prenatal yoga at home to address their lower back pain. The methods used include presentation, discussion, demonstration, re-demonstration, and mentoring. Results showed a decrease in lower back pain in 80% of pregnant women; 70% of pregnant women's ability to practice breathing and concentration; 60% of pregnant women's ability to do prenatal yoga movements to overcome lower back pain; Only 40% of pregnant women are able to arrange a prenatal yoga series to overcome lower back pain.

The UV-Protective Potential of Ethanolic Extract of Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis (Park.) Fosberg) Leaves: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Riadah — 2025-12-31

Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) leaves contain bioactive flavonoids with significant photoprotective potential. This study aimed to evaluate the UV-protective activity of the ethanolic extract of Sukun leaves using in vitro and in vivo methods. The in vitro assay was performed with UV–Visible spectrophotometry, and the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value was calculated using the modified Mansur equation. The in vivo study used a post-test only control group design with 24 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: ethanolic extract concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50%, a positive control (sunscreen containing benzophenone-3 and octyl methoxycinnamate), and a negative control (distilled water). Erythema scores were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 18. The results demonstrated that the ethanolic extract at concentrations of 30%, 40%, and 50% exhibited SPF values of 34.00, 35.76, and 36.54, respectively—classified as ultra-protection levels comparable to the synthetic sunscreen control (SPF 33). In vivo, erythema scores of 2, 0, and 0, respectively, indicated strong photoprotective activity similar to the positive control. These findings suggest that Artocarpus altilis Leaves extract has promising potential as a natural UV-protective ingredient in sunscreen formulations.

Ineffective Breastfeeding Management with Lactation Counseling for Postpartum Mothers in Sudorogo Village

Inarotul Fuadah — 2025-12-31

Breastfeeding is one of the adaptation processes experienced by mothers after giving birth, namely in a period that lasts for 6 weeks or 42 days after giving birth. Ineffective breastfeeding is usually common in mothers after giving birth and will have a negative impact on the mother and baby if not addressed immediately. Poor breastfeeding, such as incorrect positioning and attachment, can cause impaired infant growth and maternal health problems, such as breast pain or infection. This writing aims to describe the management of ineffective breastfeeding in postpartum mothers with lactation counseling.

The method used by the author is a descriptive method through a nursing care approach that includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, nursing implementation and nursing evaluation by providing lactation counseling management by providing correct breastfeeding techniques and lactation massage to overcome the problem of ineffective breastfeeding in clients.

The results of ineffective breastfeeding management were carried out for 3 days on the client. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview techniques, physical examinations, and observations. The assessment found that the client's breast milk dripped, the client's baby cried after breastfeeding, the client felt pain in the breast when her baby was breastfeeding.

The conclusion at the time of management was that the stages were obtained to overcome the client's problems according to time, the client experienced an increase in breast milk production and understood the correct way to breastfeed, and did not cause other complications due to the problem of ineffective breastfeeding in the client.

Suggestions for respondents in dealing with the problem of ineffective breastfeeding in postpartum mothers include using lactation counseling with correct breastfeeding techniques and lactation massage.

Literature Review: Early-Age Sexual Activity as a Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer

Alfa Ulfiana — 2025-12-31

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and is largely caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly the oncogenic types 16 and 18. This literature review analyzes nine articles related to cervical cancer risk factors, with a focus on early-age sexual activity. Key data exploration was carried out using the PICO technique (Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcome). The analysis results show that first sexual intercourse before the age of 20 and early marriage are dominant risk factors. This literature affirms that preventing HPV infection through vaccination, sexual education, and increased awareness of hygiene are important strategies for reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

Literature Review : Aromatherapy Methods for Overcoming Labor Pain

Gabriella Jessica Eriesti — 2025-12-31

Childbirth is a highly anticipated moment for pregnant women, offering them joy and happiness. Labor pain is one of the most significant experiences a mother experiences during labor. Anxiety can influence pain intensity, as the more anxious a mother is during labor, the greater the pain she experiences. Anxiety can cause the brain to release substances that suppress endorphin release, making the pain even more intense and causing stress during labor, leading to increased pain impulses and weaker uterine muscle contractions. This pain can be managed with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, often used for its calming and safety effects. Aromatherapy is a complementary therapy that has been extensively studied for its ability to reduce labor pain through various methods, including inhalation, massage, and diffusers. These findings support the use of aromatherapy as an effective complementary intervention for labor management. While previous findings focused on a single aspect, specifically a single oil or method, this literature review provides new insights into several ways aromatherapy can be applied to reduce labor pain. This literature review aims to examine the effectiveness of aromatherapy in managing labor pain using various methods. Selected from the latest research from international and national journals published between 2020 and 2025, recent studies have shown that inhaling the aroma of oils such as lavender, neroli, and peppermint through inhalation and massage promotes calm and reduces pain. Various methods of aromatherapy application have been used in clinical studies, including essential oils, candles, and diffusers. Each method has unique characteristics in terms of concentration, duration, and intensity of essential oil exposure. The use of diffusers has also been shown to create a comfortable atmosphere that helps reduce stress and pain. Therefore, aromatherapy is a safe and drug-free way to relieve labor pain, with various methods that can be tailored to the needs of the laboring mother.

How Does Training Frequency Affect Athletes’ Performance in The Paragliding Cross-Country Championship?

Eky Septiani — 2025-12-31

Cross Country is one of the competition event in the paragliding sport that requires the ability to read the wind, utilize thermals and maintain appropriate training frequency. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between training frequency and the distance of athletes flying in the cross country championship. This study is a descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study consisted of all athletes who participated in the Iinernational Paragliding Cross Country Championship in Telomoyo, Indonesia, totaling 18 people with a total sampling technique. The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire to determine the frequency of training and avionics (Vario and GPS) to determine the distance of athletes flying. The results of this studywas that there was a significant relationship between training frequency and the distance of athletes flying with p value of 0.01. The conclusion of this study is that training frequency is one of the factors that influence athletes to be able to fly far using a parachute.

Literature Review: Influencing Factors Occurrence Postpartum Depression Blues in Postpartum Mothers

Risty Dealova Putri Riyanto — 2025-12-31

Postpartum depression, or postpartum blues, is an emotional disorder often experienced by mothers after giving birth. This condition usually appears in the first few days to weeks after delivery and is characterized by symptoms such as sadness, crying, irritability, sleep disturbances, and loss of interest in daily activities. If not managed properly, postpartum blues can progress to more severe postpartum depression and negatively impact the mother's mental health, relationship with her baby, and the family's overall well-being. This literature review aims to examine factors influencing the incidence of postpartum blues in postpartum mothers based on the results of six national and international journals published between 2020 and 2025. The method used was a literature review, with articles searched through Google Scholar, BMC Psychology, and PubMed using the keywords "postpartum depression," "postpartum blues," and "postpartum mother." In conclusion, internal factors influencing the occurrence of postpartum blues include the mother's psychosocial well-being, age, type of delivery, and gender of the child. Meanwhile, external factors include economic status and support from her husband or family. Good support from her husband and family can help improve the mother's emotional stability, provide a sense of security, and create a comfortable and positive environment for both mother and baby, thus facilitating a smooth postpartum adaptation process.

Literature Review: Parity and Age Are Associated with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women

Hasni — 2025-12-31

Anemia in pregnant women is a serious health problem and can pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. Factors such as age and parity are often considered the main causes of anemia in pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia remains relatively high, and successful management depends heavily on understanding the factors that influence its occurrence. This literature review aims to describe the relationship between age, parity, and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that can be implemented to prevent anemia. This literature review used a literature review method. A systematic search was conducted using a computerized search of articles published between 2020 and 2025 using Google Scholar. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Keyword search using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. Of the 20 articles searched, 10 matched the topic of this literature review. Of these 10 articles, 9 showed a significant association between age and parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, while the other 1 article found no such association. The study results indicate that pregnant women who are too young (under 20 years) or too old (over 35 years) are at higher risk of developing anemia. High parity (more than 4 pregnancies) was also found to be an important risk factor. Most studies show a significant association between age and parity, with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Although one study differs, anemia prevention in pregnant women can be achieved by increasing awareness of the importance of routine checkups and optimal pregnancy management. Therefore, efforts to prevent and manage anemia in pregnant women should prioritize age and parity as key risk indicators to ensure more targeted and effective interventions.

Literature Review : Side Effects of Using Birth Control Implants

agustina — 2025-12-31

The government's efforts to reduce population growth are through family planning (KB) programs. Implants are a long-term contraceptive method (MKJP) that is effective, safe, and comfortable for women. One factor that influences satisfaction with implant use is the problems or side effects that arise. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the side effects of using implant contraception. This study used a systematic review method, namely a search of both international and national literature. A total of six articles sourced from Google Scholar, Garuda, Sinta, Pubmed, Proquest, and Science Direct were reviewed according to inclusion criteria: articles that can be accessed in full text in PDF format, in Indonesian or English, articles published between 2020 and 2025. The results of the review of the six articles indicate that, in general, the side effects of the implant contraceptive method are menstrual disorders, weight changes, and discomfort. In conclusion, the most common side effects in implant users are menstrual disorders (amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, and menorrhagia), weight changes (weight gain and loss), and physical and emotional discomfort disorders such as headaches, digestive disorders, fatigue, acne, and decreased libido. It is expected Health workers to give comprehensive informations about all side effects including disturbance bleeding menstruation and non- bleeding effects, Quick response to serious issue of the patient, and increase system search treatment (care-seeking) so that patients quick look for help when experience discomfo.

Literature Review : The Relationship Between Husband's Knowledge and Support and the Choice of Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUDs)

Fajjrianisa Sholihah — 2025-12-31

Reproductive health, particularly birth control through contraception, is a crucial aspect of global public health development. The purpose of this literature review is to identify the relationship between husbands' knowledge and support and the choice of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). This study employed a systematic review method, a search of both international and national literature using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Compare, Outcome) technique. Six articles sourced from Google Scholar, Garuda, Sinta, Pubmed, Proquest, and Science Direct were reviewed, meeting inclusion criteria: articles accessible in full text in PDF format, in Indonesian or English, and published between 2021 and 2025. The review of these six articles indicates a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and husbands' support for the choice of an IUD. The conclusion is that there is a positive relationship between knowledge of the benefits, how it works, and its safety, and husbands' support in terms of informational, emotional, and financial support for IUD use. Healthcare professionals are expected to improve comprehensive and personalized counseling approaches by ensuring the provision of accurate and complete information about contraceptive methods.

Literature Review: Stunting Prevention an Adolescent Girls

Naela Tsany — 2025-12-31

Stunting is disturbance malnutrition chronic on toddler and has become problem global health. Efforts prevention early for stunting it is necessary done, especially among teenager-daughter as candidate mother. Purpose from review literature This is identify to effort prevention of stunting among teenager Princess. Review literature This done with look for publications in the Google Scholar and Garuda Portal databases between 2020 and 2025. Keywords used is prevention and stunting and adolescent girls. Six articles that meet criteria inclusion found. Keyword search using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. In conclusion, the efforts prevention of stunting in teenager daughter can done through education nutrition balanced education health reproduction, administration of substance tablets iron for prevent anemia, and inspection health teenagers. Efforts prevention of stunting since early on group sensitive targets, especially teenager princess, need done by various parties, in particular facility health and education.

Factors Influencing the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Labor

Tuti Purwasih — 2025-12-31

Severe preeclampsia (PEB) is one of the most serious pregnancy complications and remains a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10–15% of maternal deaths in developing countries are caused by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, including preeclampsia and eclampsia. In Indonesia, data from the Ministry of Health show that preeclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal death after haemorrhage, contributing to 24% of cases. This condition not only endangers maternal health but also has detrimental effects on the foetus, such as low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, and neonatal asphyxia. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the incidence of severe preeclampsia is essential for prevention and early management efforts. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors associated with the incidence of severe preeclampsia during labour based on research conducted in Indonesia, serving as a foundation for the development of promotive and preventive strategies in midwifery care. This study employs a literature review method with a systematic approach. Data sources were obtained from the Google Scholar database using the keywords “factors,” “preeclampsia,” and “labour.” Inclusion criteria consisted of Indonesian-language research articles, categorized as research articles, and focusing on factors influencing the incidence of preeclampsia. A total of 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analysed using a descriptive-thematic approach to identify patterns and interrelationships among variables. The findings indicate that the factors associated with severe preeclampsia include maternal age (<20 years or >35 years), gestational age (>34 weeks), parity, history of abortion, history of hypertension or preeclampsia, and body mass index. External factors include anxiety, educational level, knowledge, and delays in antenatal care (ANC) services. Severe preeclampsia was also found to be significantly associated with obstetric complications such as preterm labour, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, and an increased rate of caesarean section.

Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight

Indra Puspita — 2025-12-31

Low Birt Weight (LBW) is major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwild, especially in developing countries. Factors affecting the incidence of LBW include maternal age, parity (number of children ever born), Antenatal Care (ANC) or pregnancy examination, and maternal nutritional status. Fetal condition factors include genetic factors, congenital abnormalities inte fetus, non-optimal fetal nutrition, and factors originating from the the pregnant mother, including maternal nutrition, maternal physical condition, maternal health status (hipertension, heart deisiases, etc). This study aims to identify the factors associated with the incidence of LBW through a literature review of 7 recent studies in the last five years. The method used was a systematic literature search the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect database with the keyword “Bayi Berat lahir Rendah” (Low Birth Weight,” factor resiko BBLR” (LBW risk factors), “BBLR dalam 5 tahun terakhir” (LBW in the last five years). The results show that dominant factors include maternal age, gestational age, parity, pregnancy spacing, pregnancy complications, history of illness, nutritional status, preeclamsia, and gemelli (twins). Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to reduce the prevalence of LBW through nutritional improvements, pregnancy monitoring, and increased health education.

Literature Review: Factors Associated with The Incidence of Puerperal Infection

Nora Yuni Intasari — 2025-12-31

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 260,000 women will die every day in 2023 during and after pregnancy and childbirth. Complications during and after childbirth are the leading cause of maternal death, one of which is puerperal infection. Puerperal infection is any bacterial inflammation during labor and the postpartum period. The purpose of this literature review is to identify factors associated with the incidenceof puerperal infection. This study useda systematicreview method, namely a search of both international and national literature. A total of six articles sourced from Google Scholar, Garuda, Sinta, Pubmed, and Science Direct werereviewedbased on inclusion criteria: articles that were accessible in full text in PDF format, in Indonesian or English, and published between 2021 and 2025. The review results of 6 articles show that in general the factors that influence the incidence of postpartum infection are obstetric factors and labor complications (bleeding and prolonged labor, degree of perineal rupture, history of antenatal bleeding), behavioral factors and wound care (quality of vulva hygiene), demographic factors and maternal conditions (age and parity, occupation and anemia).

Literature Review: Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Relation to Stunting Incidence

izzatul Muhda — 2025-12-31

Stunting is currently a concern for the government. According to UN Statistics 2020 that more than 149 million (22%) toddlers worldwide experience stunting, of which 6.3 million are young children or stunted toddlers, namely Indonesian toddlers. The condition known as stunting arises from persistent inadequate nutrition over an extended period, starting from pregnancy and continuing until the child reaches two years old, which impedes normal development. This research approach relies on reviewing existing scholarly works. The study chose publications using phrases like "nutrition for expectant mothers" and "stunting," while applying specific requirements: readily available complete articles, presented either in Indonesian or English, and released from 2022 to 2025. The study found nine publications that matched the requirements. Every research paper originated from investigations carried out within Indonesia. Based on the literature review, it can be inferred that a connection exists between a mother's nutritional well-being while pregnant and the prevalence of stunted growth among children throughout Indonesia. The results of this literature review suggest that health professionals are essential in educating pregnant women about their nutritional requirements, with the goal of lowering the likelihood of stunting in young children within their regions. Moreover, communities can enhance their understanding and dedicate increased focus to nutritional consumption, especially for expectant mothers, to guarantee sufficient nourishment for the developing baby.

Literature Review: Factors Influencing the Low Use of Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (LCMs) in Indonesia

Anggi Lestari Anggi — 2025-12-31

In developing countries, high maternal mortality rates and unintended pregnancies remain a global public health problem. This is primarily influenced by the low use of contraception in the community. Based on the data above, every year many family planning participants still choose short-term contraceptive methods over Long-Term Contraceptive Methods (LCMs). This is caused by various factors such as the woman's age, length of marriage, education, parity (number of children), culture, religion, and gender differences. The purpose of this review is to identify factors that influence the low use of long-term contraceptive methods (LCMs) in Indonesia. This research method is a journal publication with a literature summary, article searches using a comparative study of computerized databases (Google Scholar and PubMed). Results: Adult age, higher education, working women, more than two children, good knowledge, supportive attitudes, husband's support/participation, high income, and urban residence influence couples of childbearing age in choosing long-term contraceptive methods (LCMs). Conclusion: Factors that influence the low use of long-term contraceptive methods (LCMs) in Indonesia are age, education, occupation, parity, knowledge, attitude, husband's participation/support, income/economic status and place of residence.

Mikrogum: Innovative Chewable Gummy of Moringa Leaves and Pumpkin Seeds as Biodiversity-Based Preventive Against Malnutrition

Arika Nur Insani — 2025-12-31

Malnutrition remains a major global health problem, especially in developing countries with limited dietary diversity and restricted access to nutrient-rich foods. inefficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin A, and magnesium create risks of stunting, cognitive decline, weakened immunity, and metabolic disorders. Despite abundant biodiversity, local food sources with high nutritional potential are often underutilized due to limited public awareness and weak food innovation strategies, such as Moring leaves (Moringa Oleifera) and Pumpikin seeds (Cucurbita Moschata). This study examine the potential of combining Moringa leaves and pumpkin seeds as base ingredients for developing chewable gummies to support preventive nutrition in children and adolescents. A literature review method was employed, involving the analysis of relevant national and international journal articles about Moringa leaves and Pumpkin seeds potential to micronutriet deficiencies and also integrating local source in an appealing and easy to consume form such as cheawable gummy formulation. The result shows that both Moringa leaves and pumpkin seeds are rich in iron, calcium, vitamin A, magnesium, vitamin C, and unsaturrated fatty acid which are essential for growth regulation, enzymatic activity, neurological development, potentially reducing the prevalence of anemia while enhancing metabolic health and overall nutritional status. The combination of these natural ingredients offer a synergistic nutritional effect in a chewable gummies form is an innovative and child-friendly approach to combat malnutrition and strengthen community nutrition resilience. This innovation aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being), emphasizing the importance of utilizing local biodiversity to achieve long-term health improvement and food security

Literature Review: The Potential Health Benefits of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a Probiotic and Its Applications in Human Health

Arini Noor Khasanah — 2025-12-31

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a versatile lactic acid bacterium frequently found in fermented foods and the human gut. Owing to its metabolic flexibility and adaptability, this species has become one of the most extensively studied probiotics. Recent developments in food biotechnology highlight its potential in advancing preventive and therapeutic healthcare through microbiome modulation and functional food innovation. This article provides a narrative review of current literature regarding the biological activities, probiotic mechanisms, and technological applications of L. plantarum. Data were synthesized from recent scientific publications, emphasizing innovations in formulation and health-related outcomes. The review summarizes that L. plantarum can regulate gut microbiota composition, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improve lipid metabolism, and enhance immune responses. Technological advances—such as microencapsulation, fermentation optimization, and genetic enhancement—further strengthen its functional stability and bioavailability. Through its wide-ranging health benefits and compatibility with modern biotechnological innovations, L. plantarum represents a promising next-generation probiotic contributing to the transformation of healthcare toward a more preventive and sustainable system.

Literature Review: Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls

eka widyaningrum — 2025-12-31

Anemia among adolescent girls remains a persistent global health concern that significantly affects growth, cognitive function, and future maternal health. This review synthesizes 12 empirical studies (2020–2025) from Indonesia and comparable settings, and presents a comparative table summarizing prevalence, primary risk factors, and intervention outcomes across districts such as Bantul and OKU. Key determinants identified across the reviewed literature include inadequate iron intake, poor dietary diversity, menstrual disorders, low adherence to iron supplementation, insufficient knowledge of nutrition and health, and socioeconomic disparities. Findings from community-based studies in Bantul and Ogan Komering Ulu districts indicate that irregular menstrual cycles and poor nutritional status are strongly correlated with anemia, with odds ratios exceeding 4.0 in most analyses. Furthermore, literature reviews highlight the effectiveness of integrated approaches such as weekly iron supplementation, school-based nutrition education, and menstrual health management in reducing anemia prevalence. However, limitations persist, including low compliance rates with supplementation programs and insufficient biomarker-based differentiation between iron-deficiency anemia and other etiologies. The paper concludes that addressing adolescent anemia requires not only supplementation but also behavioral change strategies and socioeconomic interventions that improve dietary access, health literacy, and program adherence.

Customer Satisfaction Survey on Drug Information Services at Sumber Waras Salatiga Pharmacy

Yisia Betsatafio Sunarto — 2025-12-31

Drug information services play a vital role in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of patient therapy. This study aims to evaluate customer satisfaction levels regarding drug information services at Sumber Waras Pharmacy, Salatiga, and to identify the factors that influence them. Influencing customer satisfaction. The research utilized a descriptive quantitative survey with a cross-sectional design and purposive sampling technique. A total of 73 respondents who met the inclusion criteria completed a SERVQUAL-based questionnaire. The findings revealed that overall customer satisfaction This study employed a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional design using a SERVQUAL-based questionnaire to assess customer satisfaction with drug information services. Data were collected from 73 respondents using a validated five-point Likert scale instrument covering five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy was relatively high, with the highest mean score in the empathy dimension (mean = 4.41) and the lowest in responsiveness (mean = 4.33). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between all SERVQUAL dimensions (tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy) and customer satisfaction, with the strongest correlation found in the reliability dimension (r = 0.846). The findings indicate that customer satisfaction was most strongly influenced by the reliability dimension, reflecting the importance of accurate and consistent drug information delivery, followed by assurance and empathy, which highlight the role of professional competence and patient-centered communication. Responsiveness showed a weaker but significant influence, suggesting that service promptness also contributes to overall satisfaction. These results indicate that the quality of drug information services is strongly influenced by the competence of pharmaceutical personnel in providing accurate and communicative information. The study provides strategic recommendations for pharmacies to enhance service quality through improvements in physical aspects, interpersonal communication, and personalized care to achieve optimal customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction was mainly associated with reliability, followed by assurance and empathy, whereas responsiveness showed a weaker association. The results showed that tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy were significantly associated with customer satisfaction, indicating that improvements in physical aspects, interpersonal communication, and personalized care are required

The Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Hypertension Levels in The Elderly at Gedangan Public Health Center

Suwanti Suwanti — 2025-12-31

The elderly are a vulnerable age group experiencing various health problems, such as hypertension. Poor sleep quality contributes to high blood pressure by affecting the autonomic nervous system, hormonal balance, and inflammatory processes in the body If hypertension continues to rise, complications such as stroke can occur. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep quality and hypertension levels in the elderly at the Gedangan Community Health Center. This study used a descriptive correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population of 482 elderly people was selected using purposive sampling. The sample size for this study was 218 elderly people with hypertension. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, while hypertension levels were obtained from medical records. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test. The study showed that the majority of elderly people had poor sleep quality (97.7%). Furthermore, the highest blood pressure category was stage 1 hypertension (40.8%). The Spearman correlation test showed a significant positive relationship between sleep quality and blood pressure (r = 0.233, p = 0.001), indicating that the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the blood pressure in elderly people. There is a significant relationship between sleep quality and hypertension levels in the elderly at the Gedangan Community Health Center. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among the elderly about the importance of maintaining sleep quality to reduce the risk of hypertension and other health complications.

Application of Dry Warm Compress as Acute Pain Management for Gastritis at Pandanarang Hospital of Boyolali

Aulia Sofi Alfina — 2025-12-31

Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa by bacteria or irritating substances which causes acute pain problems. The study aims to describe the management of acute pain in gastritis patients with warm compress. The type of research is a descriptive case study with a nursing care approach. Management was carried out for 3 days with findings at the pain assessment stage with a numerical pain scale, pain scale was 6 (moderate), major and minor signs of pain were found, the patient complained of heartburn, appeared to be grimacing, appeared to be holding the area of pain, appeared to be moaning in pain, and complained of difficulty sleeping. The nursing diagnosis established is acute pain related to a physiological injurious agent. The intervention took the form of pain management by implementing dry warm compress with a duration of 30 minutes for 3 days. The evaluation obtained a numerical pain scale score, namely scale 3 (mild pain), major and minor signs of pain were found. The patient said the heartburn had decreased, looked relaxed, did not hold the area of pain, did not groan in pain, and complaints of difficulty sleeping decreased. Management analysis, namely the problem is partially resolved. It is necessary to add a combination of other interventions in the management of acute pain in gastritis patients.

Literature review : Maternal knowledge and parity related to exclusive breastfeeding

mima iliya — 2025-12-31

Exclusive breastfeeding is breastfeeding without any additional food to babies from birth to 6 months of age, however, the achievement of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still below the national target, which reaches 70%, still below the target of 80%. Knowledge and parity are one of the factors that can affect mothers in providing exclusive breastfeeding. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationship between maternal knowledge and parity with exclusive breastfeeding. This literature review uses a systematic Articles were analyzed using PICO with keywords exclusive breastfeeding, maternal knowledge, parity, early breastfeeding initiation with eight articles of relevant articles on Scholar google, Proquest, PubMed with eight studies with observational quantitative design, with publications between 2020 - 2025. The research article can be accessed in full text. The result of this research were knowledge plays an important role in the formation of breastfeeding attitudes and behaviors. Increased knowledge can be done with counseling, lactation counseling, and education during pregnancy can increase the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Mother's knowledge has a significant influence on exclusive breastfeeding. Multipara mothers are more experienced and have higher confidence in breastfeeding than primipara so paritas also affects exclusive breastfeeding. In this study, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and parity for exclusive breastfeeding p (< 0.05). Conclusion of this research were knowledge and parity are important determinants in exclusive breastfeeding. Efforts to increase knowledge through health education and lactation assistance, especially for primitive mothers, need to be strengthened to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the community.

Literature Review: Teenage Pregnancy is Associated with the Incidence of Anemia and Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women

Agit Wahyuningsih — 2025-12-31

Adolescent pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs at the age of 15-19 years old. Adolescent Pregnancy causes many complications, such as anemia and chronic energy deficiency. The aim this research to finding out more about the effect of adolescent pregnancy on the incidence of anemia and CED in pregnant women. This literature review employed a literature review method. A systematic search was conducted using a computer search using the Google Scholar database for articles published between 2020 and 2025. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Key data were searched using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. Of the 20 articles reviewed, 10 were relevant to the topic of this literature review. Of these 10 articles, 6 showed a significant association between teenage pregnancy and the incidence of CED in pregnant women, while the other 4 articles did not find the same association. The results of the review indicate that pregnant women who are too young (under 20 years old) are at higher risk of experiencing CED. In addition, the incidence of low birth weight is also influenced by teenage pregnancy. Most studies show a significant association between teenage pregnancy and the incidence of CED in pregnant women. Based on the results of a literature review of 20 articles, it shows that there is a relationship between pregnant women with CED and there is an influence of pregnant women with CED with the incidence of anemia, there is a relationship between teenage pregnancy and the incidence of anemia and CED in pregnant women, the number of children a pregnant woman has affects the possibility of CED, anemia conditions also play an important role in the incidence of CED, there is a relationship between the age of pregnant women and CED status, there is a need for calculations of the level of energy and nutrient adequacy to describe the consumption habits of pregnant women which are direct factors causing CED, there is a significant relationship between age, parity, too close pregnancy spacing, economic status, low knowledge about nutrition and direct factors such as infection, and there is a significant relationship between CED in pregnant women and the incidence of LBW. Teenage pregnancy is associated with the incidence of CED and anemia in pregnant women.

Literature Review: Effectiveness of Sports Drinks on Athletes Performance

F. Hana Adiptha — 2025-12-31

Sports drinks are beverages formulated to replace lost body fluids, minerals lost through sweat, and sugar as a source of energy used during physical activity. Based on their osmolarity, sports drinks are classified into three types: hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic beverages. The main benefit of sports drinks is to replace minerals lost through sweat during exercise, while also providing a quick source of energy for athletes experiencing fatigue. Sports drinks play an important role in maintaining blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and supporting muscle function during physical activity. However, the effectiveness of sports drinks in improving athletic performance still shows varying results, as it is influenced by differences in nutritional composition, type of sport, intensity, time of consumption, and duration of activity. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of sports drinks on athletic performance through a literature review based on research results from 2015 to 2025. The method used was a systematic analysis of a number of research articles relevant to this topic. A total of 16 articles were selected based on inclusion criteria covering theme suitability, research methods, and athletic performance parameters. The results of the study showed that of the 16 articles reviewed, 11 reported that sports drinks had a positive effect on athletic performance. In general, the consumption of sports drinks has been proven to help maintain body hydration, maintain blood glucose levels, delay muscle fatigue, and speed up recovery after strenuous exercise. Carbohydrate-electrolyte content in concentrations of 6–8% is considered most effective for supporting long-duration physical activity of moderate to high intensity. In addition, a combination of nutrients such as sodium, potassium, and a small amount of protein can increase fluid retention and prevent performance decline due to dehydration. However, the effectiveness of sports drinks also depends on the athlete's initial energy status, type of exercise, and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. Excessive consumption can cause electrolyte imbalance or digestive problems. Therefore, the use of sports drinks needs to be tailored to individual needs and the type of sport being played. In conclusion, sports drinks make a significant contribution to maintaining athletes' performance, endurance, and hydration status, making them an important nutritional strategy for supporting optimal performance during training and competition.

The Green Movement in Mlilir Village: Efforts to Preserve Environmental Sustainability

Eka Kumala Ningrum — 2025-12-31

Mlilir Village, nestled in the Bandungan District of Semarang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, is a quintessential rural community spanning approximately 500 hectares and home to around 2,500 residents. The village's landscape is a tapestry of lush hills, meandering rivers, and fertile agricultural lands, which have historically sustained livelihoods through farming and fishing. However, the relentless march of rapid urbanization, deforestation, and climate change has inflicted severe damage on these natural resources. Key challenges include rampant soil erosion, water pollution from agricultural runoff, and a alarming loss of biodiversity. In response to these threats, the "Gerakan Hijau" (Green Movement) was launched in 2020 by local community leaders, with crucial support from NGOs such as the Indonesian Environmental Forum. This grassroots initiative draws inspiration from global environmental movements like the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, while seamlessly adapting to the local cultural contexts, emphasizing communal harmony and traditional wisdom.

Literature Review: Characteristics That Influence the Occurrence of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women

mela treusna martiawati — 2025-12-31

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension) and is often accompanied by protein in the urine (proteinuria) after 20 weeks of gestation. This condition can affect various organs, including the kidneys, liver, brain, and placenta. Preeclampsia is part of the spectrum of hypertension in pregnancy that also includes gestational hypertension and eclampsia. Preeclampsia, if not treated quickly and appropriately, will become eclampsia. Preeclampsia in Indonesia is still one of the leading causes of maternal death. Based on data from the Indonesian Health Profile in 2024, maternal deaths caused by hypertension in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum are the second leading cause after non-obstetric complications, which account for 23.8% of maternal deaths. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the relationship between characteristics that affect the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women. This literature review uses search results from ProQuest/PubMed and Google Scholar for the last 10 years, both using nationally and internationally reputable databases. The search uses the keywords preeclampsia, pregnancy, and characteristics. The conclusion of the literature review search for journal articles was obtained from 12 journals with the results of several characteristics related to the incidence of preeclampsia, namely the age of pregnant women, parity, pregnancy distance, gestational age, abortion history, history of preeclampsia, hypertension, Body Mass Index (BMI), education level, and type of work.

The Analysis of Arm Muscle Strength of Rafting Athletes in Semarang Regency in Preparation for The XVIIth PORPROV of Central Java

Diva alfu niam — 2025-12-31

Rafting is a branch of water sports that requires arm muscle strength, coordination, and physical endurance to face strong river currents. Arm muscle strength is a major factor in producing effective rowing power, boat stability, and overall team speed and rhythm. This study aims to analyze the level of arm muscle strength of rafting athletes in Semarang Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study is 18 Semarang Regency raft athletes with a total sampling technique. This research instrument uses a hand grip dynamometer to measure the strength of the right and left arms. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS. The results showed that the average right arm strength of all athletes was 37.2 kg, while the left arm was 32.8 kg, with an average difference of 4.4 kg (11.8%). Based on the strength category, 11.1% of athletes were in the very strong category, 38.9% in the strong category, 33.3% in the medium category, and 16.7% in the weak category. The conclusion in this study is that most rafting athletes have excellent arm muscle strength.

Literature Review: Factor that Influence The Management of Hyperemesis Gravidarum in First Trimester Pregnacy

Nurfitriana Roby Hapsari — 2025-12-31

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that can cause dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and reduce the quality of life of pregnant women. Hyperemesis gravidarum is experienced by 50-70% of pregnant women with a gestational age of 5-12 weeks. HEG can pose health risks and even death for the mother and baby, so it is necessary to improve the quality of health in pregnant women. The impact of hyperemesis gravidarum not only threatens the life of the woman, but can also cause side effects on the fetus such as abortion, low birth weight, premature birth, and malformations in newborns. Factors that influence the management of hyperemesis gravidarum include maternal risk factors such as age, parity, and personal history and multifactorial causes such as hormones, genetics, psychological, and other medical conditions. Treatment includes pharmacological and non- pharmacological management. The purpose of this journal is to determine the factors that influence the management of hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester by reviewing several literatures. This research method is a descriptive analys, this study is in the form of a literature review conducted in October. The literature sources were obtained from Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, and PubMed publication databases, covering the last five years. The keywords were hyperemesis gravidarum and factors influencing HEG. They were then selected in stages according to predetermined criteria. 10 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were obtained. The obtained articles were compiled, analyzed, and summarized by identifying similarities and differences, providing insights, comparing, and summarizing. For further research, it is recommended to examine factors that are not related to the management of hyperemesis gravidarum in other places that may occur in order to add to the latest research literature, as a reference for handling health problems, especially discomfort in pregnancy that appears marked by excessive nausea and vomiting