The Virtual International Conference on Economics, Law and Humanities

The Principle of Prudence in the ITE Law on Love Scam Cases

2025-11-17T07:05:57+00:00

This research explores how the prudential principle is applied within Indonesia’s Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) in responding to romance-scam offenses conducted via social media. The swift expansion of digital communication has enabled the emergence of new cybercrime patterns, particularly deceptive romantic schemes that inflict financial and emotional losses on victims. Employing a normative juridical method, this study evaluates the degree to which the ITE Law integrates the prudence principle as a basis for preventing, identifying, and enforcing actions against online romance fraud. The results indicate that, although the ITE Law outlines a broad regulatory structure for digital conduct, its prudence-related preventive measures remain limited and demand clearer interpretation from law enforcement bodies. Reinforcing the prudential standard in online interactions is crucial to improving public awareness, ensuring legal clarity, and safeguarding individuals from cyber-based romantic manipulation.

Distribution of Violence Content on Social Media from The Perspective of Human Rights and The ITE Law

2025-11-17T13:14:03+00:00

Juridical analysis of the distribution of violence content on social media platforms, with a greater focus on the perspective of human rights (HAM) and LawNumber 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to LawNumber 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law). Using a qualitative normative-empirical approach, this study integrates Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal purposes, Soerjono Soekanto's theory of Lawenforcement, and the human rights theories of John Locke and Jack Donnelly. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with officers from the Semarang Police Resort Cyber Unit and literature studies. Findings indicate that ITE Law is effective normatively but weak in implementation, with challenges such as technical limitations and low public awareness. The distribution of violence content often violates victims' human rights, creating a dilemma between freedom of expression and the protection of dignity.

The Effect of Bank Health Level and Corporate Social Responsibility on Firm Value of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2023-2024

2025-12-13T23:12:03+00:00

This study examines whether Bank Health Level and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) influence the firm value of banking institutional listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2023-2024 period. Firm value is represented by PBV, while the independent variables are measured using RGEC indicators and the GRI-G4 disclosure index. Secondary data from annual report were analyzed using purposive sampling. The empirical findings indicate that the both the Bank Health Level and CSR disclosure fail to demonstrate a statistically effect on firm value. Additional observations highlight that CSR activities most frequently carried out by banks fall within the social category; however, these initiatives also do not contribute meaningfully to increasing firm value. The research contributes to the practical implications of how CSR should be implemented and reported across different activities in order to generate credible signals for investors and, in turn, increase firm value.

An Analysis of The Movie Victoria & Abdul (2017) Using Feminist Theory: The Representation of Power and Women Resistance

2025-11-26T14:16:00+00:00

This research analyzes the representation of women's power and resistance in the movie Victoria & Abdul (2017) by Stephen Frears through a feminist theory approach. The movie depicts the dynamics of the relationship between Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim, an Indian servant, in the context of the British monarchy, which is fraught with colonial and patriarchal norms. Although this film has been widely discussed in the context of colonial history, but research that specifically highlights how powerful women characters faced male domination in the social structure of the monarchy is still limited. Therefore, the purpose this research is to fill the gap by analyzing how the character of Queen Victoria uses her authority as a woman to assert power, resist subordination, and challenge the patriarchal system in the monarchy. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, by collecting data from the movie as the primary data, and books, journals, articles, and online sources as secondary data. The data analysis is conducted using a thematic approach to identify the main patterns relevant to the function of language style in literary works. The results of the research show the Queen Victoria represents women's authority through statements and actions that affirm her identity as a leader, showing forms of gender resistance to male social control, and challenging institutional patriarchy through her brave personal decisions. The conclusion of this research is that the movie Victoria & Abdul not only presents a personal historical narrative but also offers a feminist narrative demonstrating that female authority can be realized through the courage to choose, maintain authority, and resistance against male dominance in both public and private spheres.

A Literature Review: The Influence of Preceived Ease of Use on ShopeePay User Transaction Behavior

2025-12-02T05:28:44+00:00

This literature review examines 10 empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025 that explore the impact of perceived ease of use (PEOU) on users' digital transaction behavior using ShopeePay. The review aims to identify consistent research patterns, compare findings from various studies, and identify research gaps. The results indicate that perceived ease of use significantly influences users' intention to adopt, reuse, or transact through ShopeePay. Key determinants include interface simplicity, transaction speed, system clarity, and perceived ease of use. While many studies support the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework, findings vary due to demographic differences, other variables (risk, satisfaction, trust), and platform-specific features. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding and recommendations for future research.

The Influence of Content Marketing, Live Shopping, and Customer Reviews on the Purchase Decision of Caspira Cat Condo Products on TikTok Shop

2025-12-02T05:31:06+00:00

This study aims to analyze the influence of content marketing, live shopping, and customer reviews on the purchase decision of Caspira cat condo products on TikTok Shop. The study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research method and involves 95 respondents selected through purposive sampling from a population of 1,207 Caspira buyers. Data collection was conducted using an online questionnaire with a 1–5 Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS through the SmartPLS application. The results showed that all indicators in the research variables were valid and reliable. The R-Square value was 0.516, which means that content marketing, live shopping, and customer reviews were able to explain 51.6% of the variation in purchasing decisions. Partially, content marketing, live shopping, and customer reviews have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. These findings confirm that these digital marketing strategies play an important role in influencing consumer purchasing decisions on the TikTok Shop platform.

Evaluation of Tax Incentive Policy on Economic Growth

2026-02-03T04:28:30+00:00

Policy incentive tax is one of the instrument fiscal used government For push growth economy, improve investment, as well as strengthen activity sector business. Research This aim For evaluate policy incentive tax to growth economy through Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review process was carried out through stages formulation question research, search literature, selection article. Research results show that policy incentive tax in a way general give impact positive to growth economy, especially through improvement investment, absorption power work, and strengthening sector business productive, including business micro, small, and medium enterprises. Effectiveness incentive taxes are highly dependent on design polic, accuracy targets, and quality system administration taxation. Incentives taxes that are not designed optimally potential cause inefficiency fiscal and reduce state revenue without give impact significant economy .

The Influence of Lifestyle, Financial Literacy, and User Ease on Employee Usage of ShopeePaylater

2025-12-03T12:51:48+00:00

This study analyzes the influence of lifestyle, financial literacy, and user ease on employee decisions to utilize Shopee Paylater. Using a quantitative approach with employee samples, the results demonstrate that these three variables significantly influence Paylater users' decisions. A consumptive lifestyle increases usage frequency, while good financial literacy plays a role in financial risk management. Ease of access and a user-friendly interface support sustainable service delivery. These findings contribute to the understanding of digital consumer behavior and form the basis for developing effective financial education and marketing strategies.

Adaptive Learning in Digital Technology-Based Mathematics Education: A Study Systematic Literature Review

2025-12-03T16:54:05+00:00

Adaptive learning based on digital technology is becoming an increasingly relevant approach in mathematics education, especially since most teachers still rely on conventional learning methods that tend to be less responsive to differences in student abilities. This study aims to explore the concept and implementation of Adaptive Learning in Digital Technology-Based Mathematics Education through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from books and scientific articles obtained through the Google Scholar and Scopus databases. The data analysis process used a thematic approach to identify main ideas, recurring patterns, and important issues that emerged from the selected literature. The research findings indicate that the application of adaptive learning enabled by digital technology has great potential to improve understanding of mathematical concepts through personalized learning, automated feedback, and material adjustments tailored to individual needs. The adaptive approach is recommended to be combined with conventional methods to make the learning process more flexible, creative, and relevant to students' needs in the digital era.

Students’ Perceptions of Social Media Information Through the Lens of Critical Digital Literacy

2025-12-07T05:41:30+00:00

Social media has become an essential part of students’ daily lives and a dominant source of information. However, the reliability and bias of online information often remain unquestioned. This study investigates how senior high school students perceive and evaluate information from social media within the context of critical digital literacy. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through interviews and observations involving students who actively engage with social media for academic and personal purposes. The findings reveal that while some students demonstrated an awareness of the need for digital literacy, the majority relied on social validation cues such as likes, shares, and comments to assess the credibility of content. The study underscores the need for digital literacy education that goes beyond basic technical skills to foster critical thinking and the ability to evaluate online information effectively.

Get To Know Bullying

2025-12-09T17:11:27+00:00

Bullying is a form of violence that frequently occurs in schools, communities, and the digital world. These acts are generally intentional and repeated, exploiting the power imbalance between the perpetrator and the victim. This article discusses the definition of bullying, its forms, causal factors, and the resulting physical and psychological impacts. Furthermore, it highlights the important role of families, schools, and communities in preventing and addressing bullying through educational approaches and psychological support. The discussion demonstrates that bullying is a complex phenomenon that requires collaboration between various parties to create a safe, inclusive, and violence-free environment. By understanding its characteristics and impacts, it is hoped that the community can be more responsive and play an active role in minimizing bullying.

Legal Liability for Medical Malpractice in The Indonesian Health Law System

2025-12-14T13:02:46+00:00

Medical malpractice is a crucial issue in the Indonesian health law system as it directly concerns the protection of patients’ rights and legal certainty for medical professionals. The increasing level of public legal awareness has led to a rise in medical malpractice claims, although not all adverse medical outcomes may be classified as malpractice. This article aims to analyze the legal concept of medical malpractice, the forms of legal liability imposed on medical professionals, and the mechanisms for resolving medical disputes in Indonesia following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results indicate that medical malpractice can only be established when there is a violation of professional standards, negligence or fault, and a causal relationship between the medical act and the harm suffered by the patient. Therefore, preventive approaches through strengthening professional standards and ethical mechanisms play a strategic role in preventing the criminalization of medical professions.

Sustainable Development in the Digital Era: The Role of Cyber Law in Ensuring Security, Justice, and Legal Certainty

2026-01-08T07:02:04+00:00

The rapid development of digital technology has fundamentally transformed various sectors of social life, including the economy, governance, and law enforcement. While digitalization offers significant opportunities to accelerate development and enhance efficiency, it also generates new legal risks such as cybercrime, threats to electronic system security, violations of personal data protection, and potential infringements of human rights. In the framework of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 on resilient infrastructure and innovation and SDG 16 on justice and strong institutions, cyber law plays a strategic role in ensuring that digital transformation proceeds in a secure, just, and legally certain manner. This study employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze Indonesia’s cyber law framework, primarily the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) and the Law on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). The analysis demonstrates that cyber law contributes to sustainable development through three core functions. First, it ensures cybersecurity by protecting electronic systems and data from cyber threats, thereby supporting resilient digital infrastructure and economic stability. Second, it promotes justice and human rights protection by safeguarding privacy rights and positioning individuals as legal subjects in the digital sphere. Third, it provides legal certainty by recognizing electronic transactions and electronic evidence as legally valid, thus fostering public trust and sustainable digital economic growth. Despite its strategic role, the implementation of cyber law faces challenges, including regulatory disharmony, limited law enforcement capacity, and the rapid pace of technological change. This study concludes that cyber law must be continuously reformed and harmonized to effectively support sustainable development, ensuring that digital transformation aligns with the principles of security, justice, and legal certainty in accordance with SDG 9 and SDG 16.

The Effect of Organizational Dynamic Capabilities on Employee Performance Through Employee Work-Life Balance as a Mediating Variable in Employees

2025-12-15T15:21:44+00:00

This study aims to examine the influence of Organizational Dynamic Capabilities (ODC), consisting of IT Capability, Dynamic Innovation Capability, and Dynamic Digital Workplace Policy, on Employee Performance (EP), mediated by Employee Work-Life Balance (WLB). The digital era requires organizations to be adaptive, but it often causes technostress that disrupts WLB. Using explanatory causal research and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) method, this quantitative study sampled 125 employees at PT Ara Shoes Indonesia. The expected results will demonstrate that the dimensions of ODC significantly affect WLB and EP, as well as confirm the mediating role of WLB. The contribution of this research is to provide theoretical insights into digital-based HR and practical guidance for innovative and sustainable work policies.

The Effect of Digital Marketing Innovation on Increasing Mobile Phone Sales in Retail Stores

2025-12-15T15:24:59+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of digital marketing innovation on the sales performance of mobile phone (HP) products in retail stores, with user generated content (UGC) as an additional independent variable and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) as a mediating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to mobile phone store customers. Data analysis was conducted using regression analysis and mediation testing. The results indicate that digital marketing innovation and user generated content have a positive and significant effect on electronic word of mouth. Furthermore, electronic word of mouth has a significant effect on sales performance. This study confirms that e-WOM mediates the effect of digital marketing innovation and user generated content on sales performance.

Preliminary Study: Development of Interactive Science Teaching Materials Based on STEAM-PjBL to Improve Students’ Science Process Skills

2025-12-16T08:05:55+00:00

This study aims to develop an interactive science teaching material based on the STEAM–Project Based Learning (STEAM-PjBL) approach to improve elementary school students’ science process skills (SPS). The research method using the 4D model, focusing on the define stage, which included front-end analysis, learner analysis, concept analysis, task analysis, and the specifying instructional objectives. Data were collected through science process skills tests, classroom observations, interviews, and document analysis. The results of the initial SPS test showed that several indicators were still low, particularly communicating, observing, predicting, and inferring skills. Classroom observations revealed that science learning was still teacher-centered, with limited experimental and project-based activities, while teachers had not yet utilized interactive STEAM-PjBL-based teaching materials. The development of STEAM-PjBL-based interactive teaching materials is expected to facilitate active student involvement, support hands-on inquiry-based learning, and effectively enhance students’ science process skills in elementary science education.

Criminal Offense in Employment Relations Under Indonesian Labor Law

2025-12-21T07:04:48+00:00

Employment relations in Indonesia are primarily governed by labor law norms that aim to ensure fairness, legal certainty, and protection for workers. However, beyond civil and administrative regulations, Indonesian labor law also incorporates criminal provisions intended to address serious violations committed within the workplace. Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower explicitly regulates a number of labor-related criminal offenses, particularly those concerning wages, working hours, occupational safety and health, and employer obligations. These provisions were partially amended by Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, which restructured the sanction system and emphasized administrative enforcement mechanisms. This article examines labor criminal offenses within employment relations from a normative juridical perspective by analyzing statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and scholarly opinions. The study focuses on the elements of labor crimes, the scope of employer criminal liability, and the position of criminal law as an ultimum remedium in labor law enforcement. The findings indicate that although criminal sanctions are no longer the primary enforcement instrument, they remain essential to ensure compliance, deterrence, and protection of workers’ fundamental rights within industrial workplaces.

Occupational Safety Negligence as a Special Criminal Offense in the Industrial Sector under Indonesian Law

2025-12-21T07:51:19+00:00

Occupational safety and health (OSH) constitutes a fundamental legal obligation within industrial activities, particularly due to the inherent risks faced by workers in production processes. Negligence in fulfilling OSH obligations may result not only in administrative or civil consequences, but also in criminal liability. This paper examines occupational safety negligence as a special criminal offense within the industrial context under Indonesian law. Using a normative legal method, the study analyzes statutory regulations governing occupational safety and criminal responsibility, with emphasis on the concept of negligence (culpa), the elements of criminal offenses, and the application of the lex specialis principle. The findings demonstrate that occupational safety negligence may be categorized as a special criminal offense when legal duties are breached and protected interests are endangered. The paper underscores the role of criminal law in strengthening industrial compliance with occupational safety standards.

Psychological Analysis of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland By Lewis Carroll

2025-12-15T16:32:48+00:00

Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland is not merely a whimsical children’s tale but also a complex text rich in psychological meaning. This paper offers a comprehensive psychological analysis of Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland, integrating developmental, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and identity theories to interpret Alice’s journey. The novel’s surreal narrative reflects internal cognitive struggles, identity confusion, perceptual distortion, and social dynamics inherent to childhood and adolescent mental development. This exploration reveals how Carroll’s narrative embodies psychological themes such as identity formation, cognitive dissonance, unconscious processing, and reality-fantasy integration. The findings suggest that Alice serves as a literary framework to illustrate universal psychological experiences in developmental progression.

Analysis of The Meaning of Setsuzokujoshi Nagara As A Component of Compound Sentences

2026-02-21T00:53:01+00:00

The morphological role of the setsuzokujoshi (接続助詞) -nagara as an auxiliary form of verb conjunction (dōshi) is to connect one clause to another through verbal linkage, thereby producing new semantic relationships. In basic usage, -nagara expresses a limited meaning, as in the statement “while watching, chewing gum.” As a type of setsuzokujoshi, -nagara belongs to the heiretsu (並列) category, which denotes two actions occurring simultaneously or nearly at the same time. The purpose of this study is to explore the range of semantic variations of -nagara understood by learners of Japanese. Morphologically, its function is tied to the auxiliary verb -masu (助動詞ます); however, semantically, not all verbs can co-occur with -nagara. The findings suggest that learners experience significant difficulty in comprehending the semantic scope of -nagara. This is evidenced by questionnaire results showing that more than 50% of respondents made semantic errors. The results indicate that many students fail to grasp the extended meanings and additional functions of -nagara, suggesting that this difficulty is also common among intermediate to advanced learners of Japanese in Indonesia.

An Analysis of The Movie Victoria & Abdul (2017) Using Feminist Theory: The Representation of Power and Women Resistance

2025-11-26T14:36:56+00:00

TPACK Model Construction for Sustainable Educational Management: The Contribution of Organizational Learning Readiness and Authentic Learning

2025-11-28T08:41:11+00:00

In this technological era, the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework has become a widely adopted model for educators. This study quantitatively examines how organizational learning readiness and authentic learning contribute to TPACK model construction within sustainable educational management. Data were collected through a 4-point Likert-scale questionnaire based on five components of organizational learning readiness (Senge, 2006) and seven indicators of authentic learning (Mullin, 2019) from 150 primary school teachers in DKI Jakarta Province, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The results show that both organizational learning readiness and authentic learning significantly influence TPACK model construction. The t-value for organizational learning readiness was 4.721 (> 1.96), and for authentic learning 3.582 (> 1.96), leading to the rejection of both null hypotheses. These findings reinforce that sustainable educational management is strengthened through organizational learning cultures and authentic pedagogical practices that enhance teachers’ professional competence.

Global Disruption and Structural Injustice: A Review of Human Rights Law

2025-11-16T00:33:27+00:00

This study investigates the intersection of global disruptions and structural injustices within the framework of human rights law. The primary aim is to analyze how global events, such as pandemics, climate change, and economic crises, exacerbate structural inequalities and challenge the effectiveness of human rights protections. Employing a normative legal method, the research reviews international human rights instruments, judicial decisions, and scholarly literature to identify gaps and propose reforms. Key findings indicate that current legal frameworks often fail to address systemic inequalities, necessitating a more proactive approach to human rights enforcement. The research contributes to human rights discourse by advocating for integrative policies that bridge global disruptions with equitable justice systems.

The Effect of Capital Structure, Company Size, and Profitability on Company LQ45 Stock Prices Listed on IDX 2020-2024

2025-11-05T12:09:05+00:00

This study examines the effect of capital structure, company size, and profitability on stock prices of LQ45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020-2024. The research was motivated by significant declines in LQ45 stock prices, with the index correcting by 12.02% from early 2024 to June 2024.Using quantitative methods with purposive sampling, this study analyzed 29 companies with 145 observations. Independent variables include capital structure (DER), company size (SIZE), and profitability (ROA), while the dependent variable is stock price measured by Price to Book Value (PBV). Data analysis employed multiple linear regression using IBM SPSS 25.Results indicate that capital structure and profitability have positive and significant effects on stock prices (0,000 < 0.05), while company size shows a negative and significant effect (0,000 < 0.05). The model explains 26.3% of stock price variation (R² = 0.263). The findings suggest that investors should consider capital structure and profitability as positive indicators, while larger company size does not necessarily guarantee higher stock prices.

The Effect of ROA, ROE, NPM, EPS, and DER on Stock Prices in Palm Oil Companies Listed on the IDX (2021-2023)

2025-11-07T06:24:30+00:00

This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earnings per Share (EPS), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on stock prices of palm oil sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The data source used in this research is secondary data consisting of annual financial reports and year-end closing stock prices. A purposive sampling technique was applied in selecting samples with the criteria of companies that consistently published annual financial statements during the observation period, resulting in a number of samples that met the research requirements. Data analysis was carried out using classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression, including partial t-test, simultaneous F-test, and the coefficient of determination (R²) with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. The results of the study indicate that partially ROA, ROE, and NPM have no significant effect on stock prices, EPS has a significant positive effect, while DER has a significant negative effect. Simultaneously, ROA, ROE, NPM, EPS, and DER significantly influence stock prices of palm oil sub-sector companies. These findings imply that investors should pay close attention to EPS and DER indicators when making investment decisions in palm oil sub-sector stocks on the IDX.

Social Justice and Human Rights in the Era of Digital Transformation: Indonesian Regulatory Perspective

2025-11-16T00:33:37+00:00

This study examines social justice and human rights (HR) in the era of digital transformation, focusing on the Indonesian regulatory perspective. The primary objective is to analyze the impact of digital regulations on information accessibility, data privacy, and social equity, and evaluate the effectiveness of laws such as the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) in protecting HR. The research employs a normative juridical approach through legal document analysis, literature review on digital regulations, and normative interpretation of legislation. Findings indicate that current regulations often fail to address digital divides and privacy violations, but inclusive reforms can strengthen protections. This study's contribution lies in offering practical recommendations for policy harmonization, enriching academic discourse on social justice in the digital context.

Misuse of Personal Data in Illegal Online Loan Collection: An Analysis of Criminal Liability of Perpetrators

2025-11-16T00:33:58+00:00

This article examines the misuse of personal data in illegal online loan collection practices, which commonly involve intimidation, dissemination of private information, and threats against victims. The study aims to analyze the forms of criminal liability imposed on perpetrators and assess whether the national legal framework adequately protects privacy rights and data security. Using a normative juridical method, the research reviews provisions under the Electronic Information Law, Personal Data Protection Law, Criminal Code, and relevant OJK regulations. The findings indicate that although legal bases for prosecution exist, enforcement remains constrained by challenges in digital evidence, low reporting rates, and the cross-platform operations of offenders. This study contributes by offering a critical evaluation and recommendations to strengthen law enforcement and prevent digital harm against victims.

Human Rights, Cybersecurity, and Global Disruption: A Modern Legal Perspective

2025-11-16T00:58:55+00:00

This article investigates the fundamental normative conflict arising between the compelling need to maintain Cybersecurity and the imperative to protect Human Rights (HR), particularly digital privacy and freedom of expression, amidst global technological disruption. The primary objective of this study is to analyze how Modern Legal frameworks (national and international) are adapting and attempting to balance these two crucial interests. The research employs a juridical-normative methodology with a conceptual and comparative law approach, examining the HR principles of necessity and proportionality against state cyber surveillance practices and content regulation. The results reveal significant legal tension, where national legislation remains vulnerable to over-criminalization and mass surveillance, threatening civil liberties. The essential contribution of this article is the formulation of HR-based legal reform guidance, underscoring the necessity of strengthening checks and balances and corporate accountability, ensuring cybersecurity respects digital justice.

Cyber Law Enforcement on Public Personal Data Misuse

2025-11-16T13:13:27+00:00

This study examines cyber law enforcement on the misuse of public personal data, focusing on privacy violations via digital platforms. The aim is to identify challenges and the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in addressing personal data exploitation. Qualitative methods were employed, including legal document analysis, case studies, and expert interviews. Results reveal that existing regulations are often inadequate against rapidly evolving technologies, with key findings highlighting gaps in international coordination and sanction enforcement. The research contributes policy recommendations to strengthen global cyber legal frameworks.

A Juridical-Normative Study of the Position of Children as Witnesses in Proving Domestic Violence Cases

2025-11-17T00:47:16+00:00

Domestic Violence (KDRT) is a complex phenomenon often occurring within the private sphere, making family members, including children, key witnesses. A child's testimony is of high urgency in uncovering the material truth, yet their standing in criminal procedural law remains debatable. This research aims to conduct a normative-juridical analysis of the legal position of children as witnesses and the evidentiary strength of their testimony in domestic violence cases. The research method employed is normative-juridical, utilizing a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data were analyzed qualitatively by examining primary legislation such as Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence, Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The findings indicate that Indonesian positive law, in principle, recognizes children as valid witnesses. However, implementation challenges exist regarding the assessment of their evidentiary strength. A child's testimony often requires special treatment, such as psychological assistance, to meet the formal and material requirements to be considered valid evidence in court. This research concludes that there is an urgent need for regulatory harmonization and technical guidelines for law enforcement officials to ensure the protection of the child's rights as a witness, while simultaneously ensuring their testimony can be effectively used to achieve justice for victims of domestic violence.

Green Technology Literacy and STEM Teaching Practice Needs of Primary School Teachers in The Context of Sustainable Education

2025-11-28T10:30:51+00:00

This study aims to identify the needs of primary school teachers regarding green technology literacy and the practice of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) teaching in the context of sustainable education. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, involving 10 teachers from four primary schools in Tangerang. Data were collected through in depth interviews, analysis of instructional documents, and field notes. The results show that teachers' understanding of green technology concepts remains general and is mostly limited to simple practices such as recycling and energy conservation. STEM teaching practices are unstructured and generally not explicitly integrated with sustainability issues. Teachers expressed the need for practical training, simple thematic teaching modules, and school policy support to implement contextual and environmentally oriented learning. These findings provide a foundation for the development of teacher training programs and green STEM based curricula at the primary education level.

Wattpad as a Digital Literary Space for Generation Z

2025-11-30T10:47:25+00:00

Digital literacy now comes in many forms, this study discusses the role of Wattpad as a platform for literary literacy in the digital world, particularly in the fields of education, digital literacy skills, and lifelong learning for Generation Z. Through an in depth examination of various platform features such as reading, writing, and user interaction, this study explains how Wattpad helps improve digital literacy skills and supports continuous learning. Based on real life examples and a review of related literature, this study shows that Wattpad not only makes people more interested in reading and creating through writing, but also fosters a supportive creative community that encourages personal growth. Ultimately, the findings of this research confirm that Wattpad has significant potential as an educational tool tailored to the needs of young people in today's digital age.

Language and Cultural Literacy Issues among Indonesian Prospective Migrant Workers to Japan Kenshuusei (研修生) Visa

2025-12-02T02:22:46+00:00

This study investigates the language and cultural literacy issues faced by Indonesian prospective migrant workers preparing for deployment to Japan under the Kenshuusei (研修生) visa program. As Japan continues to rely on foreign trainees to address labor shortages, Indonesian candidates are required to demonstrate adequate Japanese language proficiency and cultural readiness to ensure effective workplace integration. However, preliminary observations indicate persistent challenges in basic linguistic competencies—such as hiragana and katakana literacy, particle usage, sentence structure comprehension, and pronunciation accuracy—which hinder communication in professional contexts. Likewise, cultural literacy barriers emerge in understanding Japanese daily norms, workplace discipline, communication styles, and hierarchical relationships, often leading to adaptation difficulties and misinterpretations.Employing a mixed-method approach, this research analyzes assessment results, classroom observations, and focus group interviews conducted within selected LPK (Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja) training centers. The findings reveal that limited exposure to authentic language use, reliance on memorization-based learning, and insufficient cultural immersion activities contribute to trainees’ low readiness. The study concludes that comprehensive training programs integrating contextual language learning and structured cultural orientation are essential for enhancing trainees’ communicative competence and cultural adaptability. Strengthening these aspects will support the success of Indonesian migrant workers in meeting Japanese workplace expectations and improving their overall well-being during their stay in Japan.

Developing Digital Literacy through E-Portfolio-Based Learning: A Pathway to Lifelong Learning in EFL Classrooms

2025-12-03T02:17:24+00:00

This study investigates how e-portfolio-based learning develops digital literacy and fosters lifelong learning in EFL classrooms. Drawing on Digital Literacy Theory (Ng, 2012), Lifelong Learning Theory (Candy, 2002), and Constructivist Learning Theory (Vygotsky, 1978), this research employs a qualitative case study design involving 12 undergraduate students from an English Education program. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis of students’ e-portfolios. Thematic analysis revealed that e-portfolio-based learning effectively enhanced students’ digital literacy across technical, cognitive, and socio-emotional dimensions. Students demonstrated greater ability to manage digital tools, evaluate information critically, and reflect on their learning processes. The findings also indicate that e-portfolio-based learning fosters learner autonomy, creativity, and sustained motivation—key characteristics of lifelong learning. Despite challenges such as limited digital confidence and time constraints, the results affirm that e-portfolio-based learning serves as an effective pedagogical approach for integrating digital competence and lifelong learning within EFL classrooms. The study highlights the need for reflective digital practices in language education to promote adaptive and continuous learning in the digital age.

Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Its Impact on Human Resource Performance

2026-02-26T02:41:05+00:00

This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence adoption on human resource performance through a structured literature review of twenty peer reviewed international articles. Rapid technological advancement has transformed organizational processes, particularly in recruitment, performance management, workforce analytics, and employee development. Synthesis of the reviewed studies indicates that AI adoption generally enhances employee productivity, decision making quality, and strategic HR effectiveness when supported by digital competence, managerial commitment, and ethical governance. Findings reveal that performance improvement is strongly influenced by complementary factors such as reskilling initiatives, leadership alignment, organizational culture, and employee trust in AI systems. Evidence also highlights potential risks including skill obsolescence, resistance to technological change, and concerns related to algorithmic fairness and digital surveillance. Overall analysis demonstrates that AI functions as a strategic enabler rather than a replacement for human capability. Sustainable performance outcomes depend on responsible implementation, continuous learning, and alignment between technological systems and human resource strategies.

The Role of Creative Thinking Models in Statistics Courses for Elementary School Teacher Education Students at Esa Unggul University

2025-12-08T15:14:40+00:00

This study aims to examine the role of creative thinking models in Statistics courses for students of the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) Study Program at Esa Unggul University. Creative thinking is an important competency that helps students understand statistical concepts procedurally and conceptually. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that creative thinking models increased student engagement, concept exploration, and the ability to develop diverse problem-solving strategies. Consistent implementation of creative thinking models is recommended to support students' higher-order thinking skills.

Students’ Voices on Gamified Grammar Learning: Exploring Kahoot As A Digital Tool for Understanding Parts of Speech

2025-12-14T02:19:05+00:00

Grammar is an important component in English language learning, but it is often perceived as difficult and boring by EFL learners, especially when it comes to Parts of Speech. This perception generally arises from the use of traditional learning methods that focus on memorizing rules and mechanical exercises without communicative context. Therefore, a more interactive and engaging learning approach is needed to increase student motivation and involvement. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of EFL students in using Kahoot as a gamified medium for learning Parts of Speech. This study used a descriptive qualitative design involving 19 students from the English Education Study Program at a private university in Indonesia. Data were collected through participatory observation and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña data analysis model. Data validity was ensured through data source triangulation. The results showed that the use of Kahoot increased students' motivation and engagement in learning, created positive affective experiences, helped them understand Parts of Speech, and encouraged more active social interaction in the classroom. These findings indicate that Kahoot is an effective gamification medium to support grammar learning in the context of EFL. This study recommends using Kahoot as an alternative to more interactive and engaging strategies for grammar learning.

Pre-Analysis of Literacy for Sustainability with Learning for Sustainability Assessment

2025-12-07T05:06:24+00:00

This study analyzed students' sustainability literacy using a four-dimensional progressive scale: Non-Awareness, Awareness, Responsibility, and Taking on Leadership Role. Data from 50 students revealed a bimodal distribution, with highest concentrations at the Awareness stage (38%) and Leadership stage (40%), while only 20% were at Responsibility and 2% at Non-Awareness. This indicates a significant gap in sustainability learning progression, where transition from awareness to responsibility does not occur linearly. The high proportion at leadership level demonstrates great potential for developing sustainability change agents, but low representation at responsibility stage highlights the need for reformulated pedagogical strategies. These findings align with recent research showing sustainability literacy develops non-sequentially and requires specific interventions at transition stages. The study recommends developing experiential and project-based learning programs to strengthen the Responsibility stage, alongside a holistic approach integrating environmental, social, and economic domains to address complex future sustainability challenges.

Language, Identity, and Community: A Comparative Study of Onee Kotoba in Japan and Bahasa Binan in Indonesia

2025-12-02T09:34:26+00:00

This study compares Onee Kotoba in Japan and Bahasa Binan in Indonesia to explore the interplay between language, identity, and community within LGBTQ+ contexts. Using sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic approaches, it examines their linguistic features, pragmatic functions, and socio-cultural foundations. The findings reveal that both varieties serve as markers of identity, tools of solidarity, and strategies for negotiating stigma, reflecting linguistic creativity shaped by social pressures. To deepen this comparison, the study also analyzes the use of codes and symbols in the verbal practices of gay communities in both countries. Data were collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and analyses of social media and popular literature used within these communities. All informant names are kept confidential to protect their privacy. The results show that the Japanese gay community frequently employs loanwords, phonological wordplay, and expressions influenced by pop culture, particularly those associated with okama and onee kotoba, which are characterized by feminine, expressive speaking styles. In contrast, Indonesian gay slang is shaped largely by Bahasa Binan, which incorporates regional languages and foreign lexical elements as markers of identity and as a form of social protection. Both communities use linguistic codes not only to signal in-group membership but also to conceal their identities in less accepting environments. Overall, this study provides insight into the role of language as a medium of identity construction and resistance within marginalized groups. It contributes to the fields of sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, and linguistic anthropology by offering a deeper understanding of queer linguistic practices in Japan and Indonesia.

The Role of Digital Storytelling in Cultivating Lifelong Learning Mindsets among University Students: A Narrative Inquiry

2025-12-04T14:15:02+00:00

This qualitative study explores how digital storytelling fosters lifelong learning mindsets among university students. As digital technology increasingly shapes education, learners are expected not only to develop technical skills but also reflective, autonomous, and self-directed learning habits. Using a narrative inquiry approach, the research examines the lived experiences of English Education students engaged in digital storytelling projects within their coursework. The study investigates how students perceive and construct their learning journeys while creating digital stories that represent personal or academic development. Data will be gathered through interviews, classroom observations, reflective journals, and analysis of the digital storytelling products. Narrative inquiry enables a deep understanding of how learners interpret their experiences and how digital storytelling supports self-reflection and motivation for continuous learning. The study aims to provide insights into how technology-supported narrative practices contribute to lifelong learning dispositions in higher education, particularly within language education and digital literacy contexts.

Analysis of Land and Building Tax Payer Compliance in Delik Village, Tuntang District, Semarang Regency in 2020-2023

2025-12-05T13:51:37+00:00

The Delik Village community's 2020-2023 Land and Building Tax (PBB) compliance and its contribution to PBB revenue in Tuntang District, Semarang Regency, are examined in this study. Although taxes are crucial for regional development, there are several obstacles to their collection, including ineffective collection techniques and a lack of socialization, since taxpayer compliance is a critical component of revenue optimization. The methodology used in this study is qualitative descriptive, and the data gathering methods are derived from literature study, observation, and interview. In particular, the data pertaining to the setting of goals and the actualization of Land and Building Tax payments in Delik Village, Tuntang District, Semarang Regency for the 2020-2023 period is derived from secondary data. According to the study's findings, the Delik Village community's payment of PBB compliance was categorized as “Compliant” in 2020–2021 and as “Quite Compliant” in 2022–2023. Taxpayers residing outside the region, a failure to socialize the tax increase, and unreported changes in ownership of taxable objects were the main causes of low compliance.

Transformation of the Story of Malin Kundang in Digital Media: An Analysis of Narrative and Visual Content on Social Media

2025-12-06T10:38:45+00:00

The transformation of folklore in digital media, particularly on short video platforms, presents challenges related to narrative consistency and visual representation that still honors cultural values. In this context, this research analyzes how the transformation of the story of Malin Kundang is manifested through narrative content and visuals on three TikTok accounts: Gromore Studio, Riri Cerita Anak Interaktif, and animasiceritaindonesia, The analysis shows that although all three maintain the core structure of the story, each account employs different narrative and visual strategies based on their audience orientation. Gromore Studio features a complex narrative with realistic visuals and strong Minangkabau cultural symbols; Riri Cerita Anak Interaktif adopts a child-friendly educational cartoon style; while animasiceritaindonesia presents the most concise version through minimalist illustrations with a humorous tone. These findings emphasize that the transformation of folklore in digital media not only serves as entertainment but also has the potential to support the preservation of moral and cultural values and its use in school learning.

Mapping the Multidimensional Roles of Teacher Working Group in Indonesia: A Systematic Review of Empiraical Studies

2025-12-06T15:30:58+00:00

Teacher Working Groups (Kelompok Kerja Guru/KKG) are one of the most longstanding and widely institutionalised school-based professional development structures in Indonesia. Yet, empirical insights into how KKG actually functions, what roles it plays, and under which conditions it is effective remain scattered across small-scale studies. This article reports a systematic review of 23 emperical studies on KKG conducted between 2015 and 2024. Using a thematic synthesis approach, the review identifies six cross-cutting roles: (1) KKG as a professional learning community, (2) KKG as a mediator of curriculum and instructional reform, (3) KKG as a collaborative problem-solving forum, (4) KKG as a platform for developing teachers’ pedagogical, professional, social, and personal competencies, (5) KKG as a mechanism for improving teacher performance and accountability, and (6) KKG as an organisational structure shaped by governance and leadership. The review argues that KKG represents a multidimensional professional ecosystem whose potential is constrained more by implementation and system conditions than by its core design.

Integrating Empathy into AI-Supported EFL Pedagogy

2025-12-07T03:43:06+00:00

This conceptual paper proposes a comprehensive framework aimed at integrating empathy-based strategies into AI-supported English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. This is part of a broader agenda to humanize digital learning. Although digital tools and artificial intelligence have expanded opportunities for efficient and personalized language learning, there is a risk that their use can create classroom environments that are transactional, emotionally distant, and dehumanized. To address this challenge, this library research synthesizes various theories, including humanizing pedagogy (Freire, 1970), care ethics (Noddings, 2005), social-emotional learning, digital pedagogy, and AI-assisted language learning. The result is a "Seven-Step Digital Humanizing Framework" that outlines practical, empathy-centered strategies. These strategies can be applied by teachers when designing, mediating, and assessing EFL learning that uses digital technologies. These steps include awareness building, empathetic task design, humanized teacher presence, supportive AI integration, reflective social-emotional learning tasks, dialogic feedback, and ethical AI use. This framework demonstrates that AI and digital tools can support not replace human connection. This can occur if the technology is used intentionally to enhance emotional safety, learner agency, and dialogic engagement. This research provides a theoretical contribution by bridging humanistic education principles with contemporary AI-driven EFL practices. Practically, this study offers actionable guidance for teachers seeking to implement human-centered innovation.

Transformation of Digital Legislation Policy as the Basis for Adaptive Regulation and Harmonisation of Global Human Rights

2025-12-08T13:47:19+00:00

The increasingly complex development of digital technology requires changes in legislative policy in order to produce flexible regulations that are in line with global human rights standards. This transformation process faces various obstacles, such as slow regulatory formation procedures, a lack of technical understanding among legislators, and rapid technological change. This article examines how the transformation of digital legislative policy can become the foundation for the creation of responsive regulations that are able to balance the need for innovation with the guarantee of protection of fundamental rights of the community. The approach offered includes the application of risk-based regulations, strengthening the governance of personal data protection, and enhancing cooperation between policy makers, the international community, and the technology sector. This article also emphasises the importance of integrating international human rights principles into the digital legislation framework, as well as the need for public participation and increased technological literacy among decision-makers. Through these strategies, digital legislation transformation is expected to create a regulatory ecosystem that is inclusive, adaptive, and responsive to global demands in the digital age.

Transformation of Pancasila Education Through The Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children: A Literature Study on Elementary School Learning

2025-12-09T04:02:45+00:00

Pancasila Education is a subject that plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character to embody the values of Pancasila. Within the Merdeka Curriculum, Pancasila values are not only taught through intraclass learning but also implemented through meaningful and contextual learning experiences. In line with this effort, the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education in 2024 launched the Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children movement initiated by Prof. Abdul Mu’ti. This movement aims to instill Pancasila values through positive daily habits among students, including waking up early, praying on time, exercising, eating healthy and nutritious food, studying diligently, engaging in community life, and going to bed early. The implementation of these seven habits represents a transformation in character education that emphasizes the formation of attitudes, habits, and social responsibility among learners. Through continuous habituation, schools play a crucial role in creating a learning environment that supports students’ character, health, and spirituality. Therefore, the Seven Habits of Great Indonesian Children serves as a model for implementing Pancasila-based character education that is relevant to the needs of students in the 21st century.

The Impact of Social Media on Personal Growth

2025-12-09T16:11:57+00:00

Social media has become deeply integrated into daily life and plays a central role in shaping emotional, intellectual, and social development. This article examines the impact of social media on personal growth by analyzing its positive contributions—such as access to information, opportunities for self-expression, and supportive online communities—as well as its negative effects, including distraction, social comparison, and reduced mental well-being. Drawing on recent studies, this paper highlights how digital environments influence self-awareness, motivation, identity formation, and emotional regulation. The analysis concludes that personal growth in the digital age depends not on the presence of social media itself, but on how consciously and critically individuals engage with it. Mindful usage and digital literacy are essential for maximizing the benefits of social media while minimizing its risks.

Leveraging the Gojek Application to Increase Sales at Swiwings Express Ungaran

2025-12-09T17:13:58+00:00

This research aims to analyze the use of the Gojek application in increasing sales at Swiwings Exspres Ungaran, as well as exploring operational efficiency and digital marketing strategies implemented. In the digital era, application platforms such as Gojek have become an important means for small to medium businesses to reach a wider market. This study uses observation and interview methods to collect data from the management of Swiwings Exspres Ungaran. The research results show that ease of access, speed of service, and promotions offered by the Gojek application make a significant contribution to increasing sales. In addition, integration with the Gojek ecosystem helps expand market reach and strengthen the brand among customers. The research also found that customer review management and operational efficiency play a key role in the success of these businesses. By maximizing Gojek features, such as GoFood and location promotions, Swiwings Exspres Ungaran can increase its visibility and competitiveness in the market. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Swiwings Exspres Ungaran continue to optimize the use of digital technology, improve customer service, and periodically evaluate operational costs to maintain sustainable growth.

Implementation of Change Management and Innovation on Employee Performance in Sewing

2025-12-10T12:49:33+00:00

This report discusses the results of an internship entitled "Implementation of Change Management and Innovation on Employee Performance in the Sewing Sector at PT. xxxx". The purpose of this internship is to provide students with direct work experience in the sewing industry and foster a professional work attitude. During the internship, students were directly involved in the production process and observed the implementation of management changes and work innovations. The results showed that the use of new methods, training, and work aids increased employee efficiency. However, obstacles such as resistance to change and limited skills were also identified. Overall, change and innovation have a positive impact on performance, although supporting strategies are still needed to ensure optimal process performance.

Analysis of Lkm-A Gapoktan Ngudi Makmur Village in Tambi in Implementing Its Activities

2025-12-14T14:08:36+00:00

The Ngudi Makmur Gapoktan Microfinance Institution (LKM) in Tambi Village, Watukumpul District, Pemalang Regency, is a rural economic institution that plays a role in supporting savings and loan activities and community economic empowerment. This article aims to analyze the implementation of the Ngudi Makmur Gapoktan LKM activities in carrying out its functions and authorities in terms of implementation, organization, control, evaluation, and institutional legality aspects. The research method used is a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical juridical approach through work experience and direct observation of the implementation of the Ngudi Makmur Gapoktan LKM activities in Tambi Village. The results of the analysis show that in general the Ngudi Makmur Gapoktan LKM has carried out savings and loan activities in accordance with the objectives of the institution's formation and the needs of the village community. However, in its implementation there are still obstacles, including limited human resources, institutional administration that is not yet fully orderly, and limited capital. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation and evaluation aspects of activities, increase the capacity of managers, and provide institutional support so that the implementation of LKM activities can run optimally and sustainably.

Analysis of the Effect of Recruitment and Digital Competence on Team Performance with Digital Employee Engagement at PT Pertiwi Indo Mas

2025-12-15T15:31:58+00:00

This study examines the effect of recruitment and digital competence on team performance with digital employee engagement as an intervening variable at PT Pertiwi Indo Mas. In the era of digital transformation, manufacturing companies are required to optimize human resource management in line with technological developments. Effective recruitment processes enable organizations to acquire employees who meet job requirements, while digital competence supports employees in adapting to digital work systems. This research applies a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to employees as the primary data collection method. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques to determine the relationships among variables. The results are expected to demonstrate that recruitment and digital competence have a positive and significant effect on team performance, both directly and indirectly through digital employee engagement. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to managerial decision-making in improving human resource strategies in a digital work environment.

A Literature Riview : Digital Financial Transformation and Economic Growth at the National Level

2025-12-15T22:38:06+00:00

The development of the digital economy has emerged as a crucial driver of national economic growth in Indonesia. This study aims to review and synthesize existing empirical and theoretical literature on the role of digital economic transformation in enhancing economic growth, financial inclusion, and the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The digital economy, characterized by the widespread adoption of information technology, digital platforms, and financial technologies, has reshaped economic activities across various sectors, including trade, services, and finance. Previous studies indicate that digitalization improves business efficiency, expands market access, reduces operational costs, and fosters innovation, thereby contributing positively to national and regional economic growth. Furthermore, the adoption of digital platforms and fintech services has significantly enhanced financial inclusion by increasing public access to formal financial services, stimulating household consumption, and supporting post-pandemic economic recovery. Empirical evidence also highlights the role of digital finance in accelerating MSME financing and improving productivity and employment creation. However, several challenges remain, including disparities in digital infrastructure, low levels of digital literacy, and regulatory constraints. Therefore, an integrated digital economic transformation strategy supported by government policies, infrastructure development, and human capital enhancement is essential to ensure the equitable distribution of digital economy benefits. Overall, the literature confirms that digital economic transformation plays a strategic role in strengthening Indonesia’s economic growth and long-term development.

Third Party Opposition (Derden Verzet) to the Enforcement of Mortgage Rights Auction (Case Study of Sukoharjo District Court Decision Number 118/Pdt.Plw/2021/PN Skh)

2025-12-16T02:36:33+00:00

Third-party opposition (derden verzet) to the execution of foreclosure auction is a legal effort to reject the seizure/auction on the basis of legal ownership of the autioned object. The purpose of the opposition is to thwart or delay the execution of a foreclosure auction that is considered invalid or detrimental to one’s right. This article aims to analyze the legal reasons for third-party opposition of postponement of execution, the extent of legal protection for auction winners, and how judges adjudicate such opposition cases. Issues that often arise in relation to lawsuits/opposition in court, even by parties acting bad faith, create legal uncertainly for auction winners. The case study analyze in this article is the Sukoharjo District Court Desicion Number 118/Pdt.Plw/2021/PN Skh. The Analysis shows that the judge in adjudicating the case has fultilled the principles of justice and legal certainty as well as the legal protection of the parties, both the auction winner is acting good faith and the opponent/plaintiff.

Resolving Legal Disputes between Banks and Customers over Credit Default without Collateral through Banking Mediation & Financial Services Authority

2025-12-16T08:36:13+00:00

Unsecured credit defaults have become a persistent issue in Indonesia, resulting in significant losses for banks and financial strain for customers. In Indonesia, regulations relating to the protection of financial consumers have been in place for a long time. The development of laws and regulations governing financial dispute resolution began in the 1990s. However, the latest OJK Regulation, No. 1/POJK.07/2014, has sparked much debate. This regulation is considered ineffective due to normative defects, such as limited enforcement mechanisms, reducing or eliminating the responsibility of mediators or officials involved, and marginalising the rights of customers, resulting in low resolution rates. The purpose of this article is to see how effectively the OJK Regulation No. 1/POJK.07/2014 resolves unsecured credit disputes. The results show that unsecured credit is subject to declarative principles as financial rights arise automatically after the agreement. The frequent alternation of resolution mechanisms gives the impression that lawmakers do not have a history of financial consumer protection law. The purpose of the law is to ensure not only justice, but also compliance with the law. All laws will become ineffective if not enforced. So it is not just about the protection of citizens, it is also about citizens' compliance with the law. OJK Regulation No. 1/POJK.07/2014 contributes only to the protection of the personal rights of citizens; it does not guarantee the protection of the public rights of citizens.

Criminal Policy on Digital Crime in Building Smart and Sustainable Communities in the Age of Disruption

2025-12-21T03:39:05+00:00

The rapid growth of digital technology has fostered data-driven smart communities while simultaneously intensifying complex and transnational digital crime. This article examines the ideal direction of criminal policy in addressing digital crime to support smart, sustainable, and just communities. Using a normative juridical method with a criminal policy approach, it analyzes legal frameworks, doctrines, and policy instruments. The study finds that conventional punitive policies are inadequate to address the evolving nature of digital crime. An adaptive, rights-based criminal policy is required, balancing effective enforcement with the protection of privacy, data protection, and freedom of expression. Such policy should integrate legal reform, institutional strengthening, preventive measures, and participatory governance. From a sustainable development perspective, adaptive criminal policy supports SDG 16, SDG 11, and SDG 9 by positioning criminal law as a strategic instrument in smart community governance.

Sanctions in Collective Labor Agreements (CLAs) from The Perpective of The Criminal Offense of Union Busting

2025-12-21T04:34:41+00:00

A Collective Labor Agreement (CLA) is a legal instrument of industrial relations that binds workers and employers in regulating rights, obligations, and workplace rules. One of the crucial provisions in a CLA concerns severe disciplinary sanctions, which in practice may give rise to legal issues when their implementation results in restrictions on workers’ freedom of association. This article aims to analyze the provisions on severe disciplinary sanctions in CLAs from the perspective of special criminal law, particularly in relation to the criminal offense of union busting. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Primary legal materials include the Collective Labor Agreement for the 2023–2025 period, especially provisions on the basic norms of employment relations and severe disciplinary sanctions, as well as Law Number 21 of 2000 concerning Trade Unions/Labor Unions. Secondary legal materials consist of literature on criminal law and national labor law, as well as international standards on freedom of association and the protection of trade unions. The results of the study indicate that provisions on severe disciplinary sanctions in CLAs that are not systematically interpreted in conjunction with the basic norms of employment relations have the potential to be applied repressively and to hinder trade union activities. Under such conditions, the application of disciplinary sanctions may exceed the scope of industrial relations and potentially fulfill the elements of the criminal offense of union busting. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of examining and applying disciplinary sanctions in CLAs in harmony with the basic norms of employment relations and the principles of protection of freedom of association as recognized in national law and international labor standards.

The Role of HRGA in Preventing Employment Related Criminal Offense

2025-12-21T05:49:52+00:00

Employment relations in Indonesia are governed not only by civil and administrative norms but also by criminal provisions intended to protect workers’ fundamental rights. Violations of labor standards related to wages, working hours, and occupational safety may constitute employment-related criminal offenses under Indonesian labor law. In this context, the role of Human Resources and General Affairs (HRGA) becomes strategically important as a preventive actor within the workplace. HRGA functions as the primary unit responsible for ensuring compliance with labor regulations, implementing internal policies, and reducing the risk of criminal liability arising from employment relations. This article examines the role of HRGA in preventing employment-related criminal offenses from a normative juridical perspective by analyzing statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and labor law enforcement practices. The analysis focuses on HRGA’s preventive functions, including regulatory compliance, internal supervision, and the promotion of legal awareness among employers and workers. The study finds that although labor criminal law is positioned as an ultimum remedium, effective preventive measures carried out by HRGA are essential to minimize labor law violations and to ensure lawful, fair, and sustainable employment relations within the workplace.

Environmental Protection From Waste In The Corporate Environment From The Perspective Of Special Criminal Law

2025-12-21T05:50:04+00:00

Environmental protection from industrial waste has become an increasingly urgent legal obligation along with the rapid growth of corporate activities that potentially cause environmental pollution. In practice, corporate waste management is not solely determined by compliance with statutory regulations but is also reinforced through internal corporate norms and the implementation of environmental management systems. This study focuses on analyzing environmental protection from corporate waste within the perspective of special criminal law, emphasizing the preventive roles of Collective Labor Agreements (Perjanjian Kerja Bersama/PKB) and the ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System. The research applies a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining environmental legislation, corporate internal regulations, and relevant legal doctrines. The results show that Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management provides a legal basis for imposing special criminal liability on corporations that fail to manage waste properly and cause environmental pollution. Furthermore, PKB functions as an internal legal instrument that promotes environmental discipline among employees, while ISO 14001 encourages systematic pollution prevention and compliance with environmental regulations. The study concludes that the integration of special criminal law enforcement with internal corporate regulations and environmental management standards constitutes an effective preventive strategy to reduce environmental crimes within corporate environments.

From Phishing to Deepfake: The Rapid Evolution of Cybercrime Tactics

2026-01-08T07:02:27+00:00

This study analyzes the fundamental shift in cybercrime tactics, moving from conventional Phishing, which exploits human vulnerabilities, toward sophisticated Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based attacks like Deepfake. Phishing, though simple, remains a dominant attack vector ; however, Deepfake, powered by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), creates false "digital evidence" with near-perfect credibility. This transition escalates the risk of catastrophic losses, threatening the integrity of digital evidence and institutional stability. Employing the Normative Legal Research method, this study evaluates the defense gap. Current cybersecurity strategies, focused on malware mitigation and user education, are proven ineffective against AI-based threats. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for a paradigm shift toward proactive, integrity-based defense and recommends revising criminal and civil procedural law for digital evidence authentication, alongside clear regulations on Deepfake accountability

The Influence of Profitability, Leverage, and Company Size on the Timeliness of Financial Report Submission (A Case Study of Property and Real Estate Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2016-2024)

2026-01-26T14:54:34+00:00

The property and real estate sector in the economy, encompassing various activities related to the ownership, development, management, leasing, and sale of land and buildings. The property and real estate sector faces several challenges, including high land and development costs, and conditions such as inflation and interest rates. Several companies in the property and real estate sector have experienced delays in submitting their financial reports. IDX announced 46 issueror listed companies that did not submit interim financial reports for the period ending September 30, 2024, and did not pay the fine for late submission of financial reports until January 29, 2025. The IDX has issued a third written warning and an additional fine of IDR 150 million, but as of the 91st calendar day after the deadline, the issuers concerned have not fulfilled their obligations, so the IDX decided to suspend trading of these companies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect ofprofitability, leverageand company size on the timeliness of financial report submission in Property and Real Estate Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2024. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research. Data were obtained from company financial reports, with the research finding a significant and positive effect on profitability and company size on the timeliness of financial reporting in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2024. Meanwhile, leverage had no significant and negative effect on property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2024