Perilaku Picky Eating pada Anak Usia Prasekolah: Prevalensi, Faktor yang Mempegaruhi, Dampak terhadap Status Gizi dan Strategi Intervensi pada Picky Eating
Keywords:
Picky Eating Pada Anak Usia PrasekolahAbstract
Picky eating is a feeding behavior characterized by refusal or excessive preference for certain types of food, which is commonly observed in preschool-aged children. This study aims to explore the prevalence of picky eating, the influencing factors, its impact on nutritional status, and effective intervention strategies to address this behavior. The prevalence of picky eating is influenced by genetic factors, family environment, parenting style, child characteristics, and exposure to new foods. The impacts of picky eating in preschool children may include risks of micronutrient deficiencies, weight loss, growth disturbances, and psychosocial issues. Intervention strategies that can be implemented include education-based approaches for parents, modifications to the eating environment, gradual food introduction, applying flexible and enjoyable eating patterns, and support from healthcare professionals. The findings of this study are expected to provide practical recommendations for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals to promote healthy eating habits in preschool-aged children.
Abstrak
Picky eating adalah perilaku makan yang ditandai dengan penolakan atau preferensi yang berlebihan terhadap jenis makanan tertentu, yang umum terjadi pada anak usia prasekolah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi prevalensi picky eating, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi, dampaknya terhadap status gizi, serta strategi intervensi yang efektif untuk mengatasi perilaku ini. Prevalensi picky eating dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, lingkungan keluarga, pola asuh, karakteristik anak, dan eksposur makanan baru. Dampak dari picky eating pada anak usia prasekolah dapat mencakup risiko kekurangan zat gizi mikro, penurunan berat badan, gangguan tumbuh kembang, serta masalah psikososial. Strategi intervensi yang dapat diterapkan meliputi pendekatan berbasis edukasi kepada orang tua, modifikasi lingkungan makan, pengenalan makanan secara bertahap, penerapan pola makan yang fleksibel dan menyenangkan, serta dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi orang tua, pendidik, dan tenaga kesehatan untuk mendukung pola makan sehat pada anak usia prasekolah.
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