Literatur Review Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR)
Keywords:
BBLR, bayi baru lahir, Anemia, Kekurangan Gizi, Preeklamsia, Usia IbuAbstract
Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. The factors influencing LBW include maternal health, environmental exposure, nutritional status, and access to healthcare services. This study aims to identify the factors associated with LBW through a literature review of six recent studies from the last five years. The method used is a systematic literature search through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords: "Low Birth Weight", "LBW Risk Factors", and "LBW in the last 5 years". The results show that the dominant factors include maternal nutritional status, maternal age, socioeconomic status, pregnancy complications, and smoking habits. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to reduce the prevalence of LBW through nutritional improvement, pregnancy monitoring, and health education enhancement.
Abstrak
Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatal di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara berkembang. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian BBLR meliputi faktor maternal, lingkungan, gizi, dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR melalui tinjauan pustaka dari enam studi terbaru dalam lima tahun terakhir. Metode yang digunakan adalah pencarian literatur sistematis melalui database PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci: "Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah", "Faktor Risiko BBLR", dan "BBLR dalam 5 tahun terakhir". Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor dominan meliputi status gizi ibu, usia ibu, status sosioekonomi, komplikasi kehamilan, dan kebiasaan merokok. Dengan demikian, diperlukan pendekatan multidisiplin untuk mengurangi prevalensi BBLR melalui perbaikan gizi, pengawasan kehamilan, dan peningkatan edukasi kesehatan.
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