Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Tablet Tambah Darah dan Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Kelurahan Manggar

Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy is the condition of a mother with hemoglobin Hb levels ≤ 11 gr/dl in the first and third trimesters or Hb levels <10.5 gr/dl in the second trimester. Basic factors that influence the occurrence of deficiency anemia include knowledge, education, socio-economic and husband's support. Direct factors that influence anemia are compliance with Fe tablet consumption, parity, pregnancy spacing, nutritional status, diet, antenatal care (ANC) infections and maternal age. Lack of knowledge, not complying with taking Fe tablets, not maintaining a diet, and low economic status will have a greater impact on pregnant women experiencing anemia. It is hoped that further education will be maximized regarding the importance of consuming food sources of Fe and Fe tablets as well as knowledge of balanced nutrition guidelines for pregnant women through counseling. Pregnant women and their families are expected to be more proactive in increasing knowledge about anemia and balance this by continuing to consume Fe tablet supplements. Anemia can be caused by various things, including iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, infectious diseases, congenital factors and bleeding. The need for additional iron during pregnancy is approximately 1000 mg, which is needed for fetal growth, placenta and bleeding during pregnancy. delivery that excretes an average of 250 mg of iron. In addition, pregnant women's iron requirements increase by 25% compared to non-pregnant women. These needs are very difficult to fulfill just from food alone. Therefore, Blood Supplement Tablets (TTD) are needed to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. Obstacles that often occur are fulfilling TTD drinking and understanding the benefits of TTD. The role of Health Workers is expected to be able to provide an explanation of the dangers of anemia to pregnant women and the fetus they are carrying, and understand the benefits of consuming TTD. The activity was carried out using the method of providing Health Education about Anemia and Blood Supplement Tablets (TTD) using a two-way discussion method in delivering material with an active participation approach. The data collection instrument is a pretest and posttest questionnaire. It was found that there was an increase in knowledge among pregnant women after the counseling was carried out. It is hoped that this counseling will be a means of conveying information which will later become an effort to prevent and overcome anemia.

Abstrak

Anemia pada kehamilan ialah kondisi ibu dengan kadar hemoglobin Hb ≤ 11 gr/dl pada trimester satu dan tiga atau kadar Hb <10,5 gr/dl pada trimester pada trimester dua. Faktor dasar yang mempengaruhi terjadinya anemia  defisiensi besi antara lain pengetahuan, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi dan dukungan suami, faktor langsung yangn mempengaruhi anemia adalah kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Fe, paritas, jarak kehamilan, status gizi, pola makan,infeksi antenatal care (ANC) dan umur ibu. Kurangnya pengetahuan, tidak patuh mengkonsumsi tablet Fe, tidak menjaga pola makan, dan status ekonomi yang rendah akan berpeluang lebih besar mengalami anemia pada ibu hamil. Diharapkan lebih memaksimalkan edukasi terkait pentingnya mengkonsumsi makanan sumber Fe dan tablet Fe serta pengetahuan pedoman gizi seimbang bagi ibu hamil melalui penyuluhan. Ibu hamil dan keluarga diharapkan lebih proaktif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai anemia serta diimbangi dengan tetap mengkonsumsi suplemen tablet Fe. Anemia dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, antara lain defisiensi zat besi, defisiensi vitamin B12, defisiensi asam folat, penyakit infeksi, faktor bawaan dan perdarahan.Kebutuhan tambahan zat besi selama kehamilannya adalah lebih kurang 1000 mg, yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan janin, plasenta dan perdarahan saat persalinan yang mengeluarkan rata-rata 250 mg besi. Selain itu, kebutuhan zat besi pada wanita hamil meningkat 25% dibandingkan wanita yang tidak hamil. Kebutuhan tersebut sangat sulit dipenuhi hanya dari makanan saja. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan Tablet Tambah darah (TTD) untuk mencegah dan menanggulangi anemia gizi besi. Kendala yang sering terjadi adalah kepatuhan minum TTD dan pemahaman manfaat TTD. Peran Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan penjelasan tentang bahaya anemia terhadap ibu hamil dan janin yang dikandungnya, dan memahami manfaat konsumsi TTD. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan metode pelaksanaan pemberian Pendidikan Kesehatan tentang Anemia dan Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD) dengan metode two way dicussion dalam penyampaian materi dengan pendekatan partisipasi aktif. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner pretest dan posttest. Didapatkan ada peningkatan pengetahuan pada ibu hamil setelah dilakukan penyuluhan. Penyuluhan ini diharapkan menjadi sarana pemberian informasi yang nantinya menjadi upaya mencegah dan menanggulangi anemia.