Literature Review: Parity and Age Are Associated with the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women
Keywords:
Anemia, pregnant women, age, parityAbstract
Anemia in pregnant women is a serious health problem and can pose risks to both the mother and the fetus. Factors such as age and parity are often considered the main causes of anemia in pregnant women. The prevalence of anemia in Indonesia remains relatively high, and successful management depends heavily on understanding the factors that influence its occurrence. This literature review aims to describe the relationship between age, parity, and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that can be implemented to prevent anemia. This literature review used a literature review method. A systematic search was conducted using a computerized search of articles published between 2020 and 2025 using Google Scholar. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Keyword search using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. Of the 20 articles searched, 10 matched the topic of this literature review. Of these 10 articles, 9 showed a significant association between age and parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women, while the other 1 article found no such association. The study results indicate that pregnant women who are too young (under 20 years) or too old (over 35 years) are at higher risk of developing anemia. High parity (more than 4 pregnancies) was also found to be an important risk factor. Most studies show a significant association between age and parity, with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Although one study differs, anemia prevention in pregnant women can be achieved by increasing awareness of the importance of routine checkups and optimal pregnancy management. Therefore, efforts to prevent and manage anemia in pregnant women should prioritize age and parity as key risk indicators to ensure more targeted and effective interventions.
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