Literature Review: Factors Associated with Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
Keywords:
Premature rupture of membranes, nutritional status, obstetric history, infection, anemiaAbstract
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a pregnancy complication that remains a global health problem because it contributes to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. PROM can lead to various serious complications, such as intrauterine infection, preterm labor, and neonatal death. This literature review aims to describe the risk factors associated with PROM. This literature review employed a literature review method. A systematic search was conducted using Google Scholar, searching articles published between 2021 and 2025. A total of 15 articles were reviewed, and 10 articles relevant to the topic of this literature review were identified. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Key data were analyzed using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. The 10 articles identified four main factors significantly associated with the incidence of PROM: nutritional status, obstetric history, infection, and anemia. Poor nutritional status has been shown to increase the risk of PROM through impaired collagen synthesis, which leads to weakness of the amniotic membranes. Obstetrical history, such as high parity, gestational age, previous history of PROM, miscarriage, short gestational interval, and complications such as multiple pregnancies and breech presentation, contribute by increasing intrauterine pressure and decreasing the elasticity of reproductive tissues. Infection, particularly urinary tract and genital infections, is a dominant factor triggering the inflammatory response and degradation of the amniotic membranes. Furthermore, anemia contributes through tissue hypoxia and a weakened maternal immune system, increasing susceptibility to infection. Conclusion of thi sstudy was PROM is multifactorial and influenced by the interaction of various risk factors. Therefore, preventive efforts through early detection, improving the quality of antenatal care, and health education for pregnant women are needed to reduce the incidence of PROM.
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References
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