Literature Review: Early Detection of Gestational Hypertension Using the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) Method
Keywords:
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), early detection, gestational hypertensionAbstract
Gestational hypertension is a pregnancy complication that contributes to increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection is necessary to prevent complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is a simple screening method that more accurately reflects organ perfusion. This study aims to examine the role of MAP as a predictor of gestational hypertension. This literature review was conducted by searching for published results in the Google Scholar, ProQuest, and PubMed databases between 2021 and 2026 using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method. The keywords used are early detection, gestational hypertension, and Mean Arterial Pressure. A literature review identified 17 sources that met the inclusion criteria. The conclusion is that measurement of Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is an effective diagnostic method for detecting the risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia as early as the first trimester of pregnancy. This measurement is also easy to perform, inexpensive, and easily implemented in healthcare facilities for widespread screening of the pregnant population. MAP measurement also has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity, so it needs to be combined with other parameters to improve predictive accuracy. MAP measurement is most effective when combined with the following assessments: 1) Biomarkers, such as sFlt-1/PlGF (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor) and PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A), 2) Doppler ultrasound of the uterine arteries, 3) the pregnant woman’s clinical history. MAP testing should be implemented in a standardized manner as part of routine screening during antenatal care visits, particularly in during the first trimester of pregnancy and repeated in the second trimester.
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