Literature Review: The Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Self-Management and Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstrak

Type II diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires long-term management and has the potential to reduce patients' quality of life if not optimally managed. Psychological and behavioral factors, such as Self-efficacy and self-management, are known to play a crucial role in the successful management of this disease. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between Self-efficacy and Self-management and quality of life in patients with type II diabetes mellitus, based on recent research. This literature review employed a literature review method. A systematic search was conducted using a computer search using Google Scholar, searching for articles published between 2021 and 2025. Only articles with a quantitative design and full text were included in this analysis. Key data were searched using the PICO (Population Intervention Compare Outcome) technique. Results of this study was Of the 15 articles searched, seven were relevant to the topic of this literature review. Of the 7 articles, all analyzed studies reported a significant relationship between Self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus, with p-values ranging from 0.0001 to 0.02. High Self-efficacy contributes to increased patient confidence in managing the disease, thus impacting adherence to therapy, controlling blood glucose levels, and reducing the risk of complications. In addition, all journals also showed a significant relationship between Self-management and quality of life, with p-values ranging from 0.000 to 0.01. Good Self-management includes the ability to regulate diet, physical activity, glucose monitoring, and medication adherence, which directly contribute to improving the health and well-being of patients. Furthermore, several studies have shown that Self-efficacy plays a role as a factor influencing self-management, which in turn impacts the quality of life of patients. This indicates a mutually related relationship between these two variables in improving the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Thus, interventions focused on improving Self-efficacy and Self-management are crucial in managing this disease. Conclusion in this study was Self-efficacy and Self-management are important factors significantly related to the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to improve these two aspects through education, counseling, and comprehensive disease management programs to achieve optimal quality of life for patients.