Factors Influencing the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Labor
Keywords:
Severe preeclampsia, morbidity, mortality, labor, obstetric complicationAbstract
Severe preeclampsia (PEB) is one of the most serious pregnancy complications and remains a leading cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 10–15% of maternal deaths in developing countries are caused by hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, including preeclampsia and eclampsia. In Indonesia, data from the Ministry of Health show that preeclampsia is the second leading cause of maternal death after haemorrhage, contributing to 24% of cases. This condition not only endangers maternal health but also has detrimental effects on the foetus, such as low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, and neonatal asphyxia. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the incidence of severe preeclampsia is essential for prevention and early management efforts. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse the factors associated with the incidence of severe preeclampsia during labour based on research conducted in Indonesia, serving as a foundation for the development of promotive and preventive strategies in midwifery care. This study employs a literature review method with a systematic approach. Data sources were obtained from the Google Scholar database using the keywords “factors,” “preeclampsia,” and “labour.” Inclusion criteria consisted of Indonesian-language research articles, categorized as research articles, and focusing on factors influencing the incidence of preeclampsia. A total of 18 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analysed using a descriptive-thematic approach to identify patterns and interrelationships among variables. The findings indicate that the factors associated with severe preeclampsia include maternal age (<20 years or >35 years), gestational age (>34 weeks), parity, history of abortion, history of hypertension or preeclampsia, and body mass index. External factors include anxiety, educational level, knowledge, and delays in antenatal care (ANC) services. Severe preeclampsia was also found to be significantly associated with obstetric complications such as preterm labour, low birth weight, neonatal asphyxia, and an increased rate of caesarean section.
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